Valve heart infections and bacteremia

Question 1

Testing

Answer 1

Testing

Question 2

How to minimize false positives

Answer 2

Good technique + skin antiseptic
Avoiding drawing through IV catheters
Using multiple blood cultures

Question 3

Minimize false negative

Answer 3

obtain cultures BEFORE antibiotics given

Question 4

Yield of blood cultures

Answer 4

Proportionally related to the volume of blood taken

Question 5

When do cultures turn positive usually?

Answer 5

Within first 48 hours

faster positives are more relevant to clinicians

Question 6

Most likely gram positive blood culture for bateremia?

Answer 6

Staph aureus

Question 7

How to document clearance?

Answer 7

Keep taking blood cultures.

Question 8

Continuous bateremia

Answer 8

present in blood for long periods of time reflecting persistent endovascular infection

Eg Endocarditis, Infection of a vascular graft

Question 9

infectie endocarditis definitions

Answer 9

inflammation of the endocardial surfaces, when etiology is bacterial

Question 10

pathogenisis

Answer 10

Adherence to valve
valve injury
…..
…..

Question 11

Local tissue damage

Answer 11

.

Question 12

Systemic emboli go to what places?

Answer 12

Coronary vessels
brain
kidneys
spleen
....
....

Question 13

Infective endocarditis - Microbiology

Answer 13

S, aureus (32%)
….
….

Question 14

Risk Factors!!!!!11111

Answer 14

.

Question 15

Infective endocarditis

Answer 15

IV Drug use can lead to multi-microbial, candidia,

Question 16

Neurologic emboli

Answer 16

Abscesses in brain, eeeew

Neurologic exam shows deficits

Question 17

Kidney emboli

Answer 17

.

Question 18

Negative Echocardiogram, means no infective endocarditis?

Answer 18

NO! Could be there still, vegitation could have disloged, etc.