Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Perfusion > Valve Disorders > Flashcards

Valve Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Rheumatic fever

A

Acute multi system inflammation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Cause of RF

A

Untreated Streptococcus pharyngitis - didn’t finish antibiotic or misdiagnosed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

40% of RF can cause?

A

Pancarditis (all 3 layers of the heart)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

RF inflammation can cause?

A

Fibrous, scar tissue in myocardium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Rheumatic endocaditis

A

Valves are affected

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Modified Jones Criteria?

A

Diagnosis for Rheumatic fever

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Which valve is most affected by Chronic Rheumatic carditis?

A

Mitral but aortic and tricuspid can be affected

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Txn for RH?

A

Penicillin (treat infection) and NSAIDS, Colchicine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Nursing interventions

A
  1. Health promotion and disease prevention
  2. Seek medical attention if you have strep throat
  3. Education on meds and finishing the meds
  4. Rest and relieve pain
  5. Admin penicillin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Type of Valve Diseases

A

Stenosis and Regurgitation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Stenosis

A

Narrowing - impairing forward blood flow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Regurgitation

A

Incomplete closure - back flow of blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Causes of valvular heart disease?

A

RH
AIDS
Congenital conditions (born)
Older Adults w/ cardiovascular diseases
Infective endocarditis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Mitral valve stenosis most commonly from?

A

RHD (mostly)
Congential
RA
SLE (lupus)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What happens in mitral valve stenosis?

A

LA pressure increases due to increased volume (pressure overload)
Pulmonary vascular resistance increases because of hypertrophy in vessel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

S/S of mitral stenosis

A

DOE, fatigue, Afib, low pitched diastolic murmur at Apex

17
Q

Mitral regurgitation causes

A

MI (mostly), RHD, MVP, IE, ischemic papillary muscle dysfunction

18
Q

S/S in Acute MR

A

Pulmonary edema and cardiogenic shock

19
Q

S/S of chronic MR

A

LV failure, S3, Murmur - surgery needed to prevent LV failure or Pulmonary hypertrophy

20
Q

Acute MR intervention

A

Needs quick intervention to cath lab or surgery for valve repair or replacement

21
Q

Mitral prolapse can cause

A

Mitral regurgitation, HF, infectious endocarditis

22
Q

S/S of mitral prolapse

A

Most are asymptomatic, 10% shows signs of
Palpitations
Dyspnea
Chest pain
Activity intolerance
Syncope
Murmur
Mid-systolic click

23
Q

Management of mitral prolapse

A
  1. Beta blocker
  2. Stay well hydrated
  3. Exercise
  4. Avoid caffeine and stimulants
  5. Antibiotics prophylaxis
24
Q

Aortic stenosis usually seen from?

A
  1. Congenital
  2. RF if from this leaflets stiffen and retract, resulting in stenosis
  3. Adult or 65 or older
25
Q

Pathology of Aortic Valve

A

Blood flow is obstructed from LV to aorta during systole.
LV hypertrophy occurs so O2 demand increases
Disease progression results in- decreased CO, tissue perfusion, pulmonary hypertrophy and HF

26
Q

S/S of Aortic valve stenosis

A

Angina, syncope, exertional dyspnea (LV HF), HF, systolic murmur, diminished or absent S2 and prominent S4

27
Q

Aortic Valve regurgitation?

A

Blood flow from the aorta into the LV during diastole - which will cause hypertrophy due to overload

28
Q

Acute Aortic valve regurgitation can cause?

A

Cardiovascular collapse
Profound dyspnea
Chest pain
Hypotension
Cardiogenic shock

This is a MEDICAL EMERGENCY

29
Q

Chronic Aortic Valve Regurgitation can?

A

Remain asymptomatic for years.
Heart sounds- soft S1, S3 or S4, soft, high pitched diastolic murmur. Low pitched murmur in severe.

30
Q

In Tricuspid and Pulmonary Valve diseases?

A

Stenosis is most common

31
Q

Tricuspid stenosis we see?

A

RA enlargement elevated systemic venous pressure

32
Q

Tricuspid stenosis seen from?

A

IV drug users and RH

33
Q

Pulmonic stenosis is seen from?

A

Congenital

34
Q

Pulmonic stenosis results in?

A

RV hypertrophy and HTN

35
Q

How to diagnosis Valve Heart Disease?

A
  1. History and Physical - Did they have Rheumatic fever as a child? Have you had a sore throat?
  2. Heart sounds, CXR, EKG
  3. Most definite is Echo
  4. Heart cath
36
Q

Treatment for Valves?

A
  1. Depends on severity
  2. Treat symptoms and prevent exacerbations
  3. Meds like vasodilators, inotropes, BB, diuretics, low Na
  4. Surgery- valvuotomy is procedure of choice - to repair closed or open.
    Closed - transventricular dilator is inserted
    Open- cardiac bypass
  5. Valve replacement with prosthetic

Perfusion (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions