Valve Disease

Question 1

Tricuspid Valve

Answer 1

B/t Rt atrium and Rt ventricle
Stenosis rare and congenital defect
Regurgitation more common

Question 2

Tricuspid Regurgitation

Answer 2

Causes volume overload in RV

S&S peripheral edema (BLE and abd), fatigue

Question 3

TR surgury

Answer 3

Indicated when TR becomes severe and medical tx fails

Question 4

TR Pathology and Tx

Answer 4

RV Dilation - medicine/surgery, depending on condition
RA dilation - diuretics, sx
Endocarditis - abx, diuretics, poss. sx
TV Prolapse - surgery
Pacer/defibrillator wires - lead revision
Rheumatic Fever - surgery
Congenital abnormalities - diuretics, sx
Carcinoid synd -

Question 5

Pulmonic Valve

Answer 5

Separates RV from pulmonary arteries
Least likely to be deasesed
Stenosis rare

Question 6

Pulmonic Valve Causes of Regurgitation

Answer 6

Pulm HTN
Carcinoid syndrome
Congenital abnormalities
Endocarditis - rarely becomes infected

Question 7

Mitral Valve Stenosis

Answer 7

Causes enlargement of LA and pressure backup to lungs, and eventually to Right heart and venous circulation

Question 8

MV Stenosis S&S

Answer 8

SOB
Fatigue
Peripheral edema

Question 9

Types of Mitral Stenosis

Answer 9

Congenital
Rheumatic heart disease
Calcific

Question 10

Mirtal Regurgitation

Answer 10

Causes enlarged LA with pressure backup into lungs and volume loading of LV with dilation and eventually dysfxn

Question 11

MR S&S

Answer 11

Breathlessness
Edema
Fatigue

Question 12

MR Pathology

Answer 12

LV distention/ CAD
MV prolapse
Rheumatic heart dz
Endocarditis
Annular dilation (can be d/t a fib)

Question 13

MR Tx

Answer 13

Pharm: diuretics, vasodilators

Surgery if MR is severe or if LV is becoming weak

Question 14

Aortic Valve Stenosis

Answer 14

Causes pressure overload of LV with hypertrophy, increased stiffness, and eventually contractile dysfxn

Question 15

Aortic Stenosis S&S

Answer 15

Angina
Lightheadedness/fainting
Breathlessness
Sometimes edema

Question 16

Aortic Stenosis Pathology

Answer 16

Calcific
Congenital bicuspid aortic valve
Rheumatic heart disease

Question 17

Aortic Stenosis Tx

Answer 17

Pharm: diuretics, antihypertensive tx (carefully)
Valvuloplasty - palliative only
Surgery -

Question 18

Aortic Regurgitation

Answer 18

Causes volume and pressure overload in LV with hypertrophy and sometimes massive dilation (cor bovum) Pressure backup to the lungs and beyond results over time

Question 19

Aortic Regurgitation S&S

Answer 19

Breathlessness
Fatigue
Edema
Angina

Question 20

Aortic Regurgitation Pathology

Answer 20

HTN
Congenital
Endocarditis
Aortic root disruption

Question 21

Aortic Regurgitation Tx

Answer 21

Diuretics, vasolilators

Surgery when AR is severe and causing symptoms

Question 22

Prevention of Valvular Dz

Answer 22

Prophylaxis against endocarditis with abx after dental, other non-sterile procedures, GI/GU, respiratory - if you have valve abnormalities that put you at risk for endocarditis
Especially true for pts with hx of artificial heart valves