VALUES FOR BIOCHEM AND PHYSIOLOGY Flashcards by Foteini Kalamatianou

ambient pressure

760 mmHg

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central venous pressure

4 and 12 cm H2O

OR 8-12 mmHg

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mean systemic, circulatory and pulmonary pressure

Msf = 7 mmHg
Mcf = negligible
Mcf = approx 7 mmHg

bcos Msf+Mpf = Mcf but Mcf if very small since pulmonary vessel compliance and blood vol content is OVERALL lower than systemic.

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HIL of CVS

5 cm below heart

(determinant is elastance)

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density of blood

1.055 g/ml

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viscosity of:
water
plasma
blood

(at normal HC)

water = 1
plasma = 2
blood = 3

(plasma is higher bcos of plasma protiens, blood is even higher bcos of RBCs)

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hematocrit value

men: 40-54
women: 36-48

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diameter of a RBC

7 micrometers

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EDV
ESV
SV

EDV = 120
ESV = 50
SV = 70 (the difference)

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ejection fraction

65%

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O2 consumption for:
1. basal metabolism of the unbeating heart
2. extra requirement when the heart is beating

2 ml/min
8-10 ml/min (equal to PVA)

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CO and VR

both 5 (equal in steady state)

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MAP

70-100 mmHg

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SBP
DBP

SBP –> max 120
DBP –> 80

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pulse wave velocity that is normal vs pathological

up to 10 is fine
above 10 m/s shows CVS dysfunction

(also increases with age since compliance decreases)

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intrinsic beats per min by the SAN

100 bpm

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size of pores on capillaries

5nm

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total osmotic pressure of plasma

5025mmHg

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total osmotic pressure of interstitium (ie cells)

5025 mmHg (same/just a little bit less than plasma)

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oncotic pressure of plasma (otherwise called colloid osmotic pressure)

25 mmHg
(mainly set up by albumin)

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maximal CO able to be produced by the heart

20L

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arterial O2 CONC

20mlO2/100ml

THIS IS CONSTANT PRETTY MUCH EVERYWHERE

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venous blood content of O2

VERY VARIABLE and chages based on location (unlike the arterial content)

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O2 CONC in mixed venous blood

15mlO2/100ml

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arterial venous diff of the ENTIRE BODY, and hence the O2 consumption of the ENTIRE BODY

AVD = 20-15 =5mlO2/100ml (we use the value of mixed venous) Consumption = 256ml/min

% of CO going to kidneys

% of CO going to abdomen

total = 30 liver = 7% splanchnic bed = 23%

% of CO going to brain

15%

% of CO going to heart

% of CO going to skin and skeletal circ

11%

range of MAP for which autoregulation can occur

70-140 in general 80-180 for kidney

pressure in portal vein

7-10mmHg

pressure in sovrahepatic veins

4mmHg (similar to CVP)

RAP and CO at equilibrium of the VR/CO curves

CO =5 RAP = 2

renal blood flow

1.1L (20% of total CO)

GFR

125 ml/min

ERPF (effective renal plasma flow)

605 ml/min

filtration fraction (FF)

20% (GFR/ERPF)

Pgc

around 60mmHg`

Pbc

constnt at 15 mmHg

oncotic pressure of BC

close to 0

molecular radius below which a substance at the glomerulus is filtered 100%

7000 Daltons

creatinine clearance

usually < 1.5mg/100ml

max osmolarity at tip of LOH

1200

maximal tubular transport of glucose

`375mg/min

conc of substances in body that NEED to be excreted in urine daily

600 mOsm

max conc that urine can have

1400 mOsm

min vol of water that NEEDS to be secreted in urine daily

0.43L (obligatory water loss)

% of water in ICF vs ECF

H2O is 60% of body weight 1/3 in ECF 2/3 in ICF

osmolarity below which ADH is NOT released

280 mOsm (assuming normovolemia)

K+ amount in ICF/ECF

ICF =150 mEq/L ECF = 4 mEq/L

K+ conc for it to be considered hypo/hyperkalemia

normal ECF K+ =4 hyper >5 hyp <3.5

normal blood pH

7.4

ph of acidosis

<7.35

ph of alkalosis

>7.45

pKA of the open system of the buffer

6.1

solubility of O2 in plasma

0.003

time period for which kidney metabolic alk/ac response to resp alk/ac occurs

starts: 6-12 hours after peak: 3-4 days after NOT IMMEDIATE (like resp compensation)

normal [HCO3-] in plasma

buffer base normal value

[HCO3]- + [all other plasma anionic buffer proteins] = 48 24 = [HCO3-]

base excess in pure resp disorder

base excess in pure metabolic disorder

metabolic acidosis, base excess is negative metabolic alkalosis, base excess is positive

ph of urine, normally in acidosis and in alkalosis

normal = 6 acidosis = 4.4 alkalosis = 8

acid base composition in urine in normal conditions vs in acidosis and alkalosis

normal: 1mmol HCO3- and 59 H+ acidosis: more Titratable acids and NH4+, HCO3- is as small as possile alkalosis: acids and NH4+ decrease and the HCO3- excreted increases

total ventillation

7,5L (TVxBR = 500 x 15)

normal breathing rate

around 15

alveolar and dead space ventillation average

out of the 500 of TV: DS = 350 ALV = 150

pressure of water vapour at body temp

solubility of CO2 in plasma

0.067

distribution of O2 in blood in percentages

2% dissolved in plasma 98% Hb bound (bcos O2 has a low solubility of 0,003)

Landmarks of the Hb-O2 dissociation curve

arterial blood: PO2=95 and saturation is 97% mixed venous blood, PO2 = 40, saturation = 40% p50 is when saturation is 50% which occurs at a PO2 of 27 SOS: hypoxemia means saturation is below 95% (at PO2 of 80), and respiratory failure means saturation is below 90% (at a PO2 of 60)

transport of CO2 in the blood as percentages

IN A-V DIFF: 10% dissolved free 30% Hb bound 60% chemically modified through the HCO3-/H+ buffer in arterial blood its 90% chem modified and 5/5% the other 2

haldane's factor

0.32 the ratio of amount of CO2 that can be added to the blood without the blood pH changing

HIL of the lungs

at the hilum

PO2/PCO2 in inspired air and dead space

PO2 = 150 PCO2 = close to 0

PO2/PCO2 in alveolus

PO2 = 100 PCO2 = 40

PO2/PCO2 in mixed venous blood

PO2 = 40 PCO2 =46

PO2/PCO2 in arterial blood

AFTER GAS EXCHANGE: PO2 = 98-100 PCO2 = 40

driving pressure at the blood gas barrier for O2

60 mmHg (bcos 100 in alveolus - 40 in MV blood = 60)

driving pressure at the blood gas barrier for CO2

6 mmHg (bcos 46 in MV blood - 40 in alveolus =6) - even tho this is smaller than O2 driving pressure the eq is still reached by the middle of the capillary bcos the solubility of CO2 is higher

FiO2 (fractional inspired O2)

0.21

FiCO2 (fractional inspired CO2)

almost 0

RQ (resp quotient)

1 is carbs are 100% used 0.7 if lipids are 100% used in reality the body uses a mixture of the two, so the normal value is around 0.8

tidal vol

0.5L

total lung capacity

6.5

FRC

3.5L

VC (vital capacity)

IRV (inspiratory reserve volume)

2,5L

ERV (expiratory reserve volume)

FiN2

0.79

normal values for (A-a)O2 and CO2

for O2 = 4 mmHg for CO2 = 1 mmHg

eq vol of the resp system

36% VC when Prs = 0, when lungs are collapsing with +5 and chest wall is expanding with -5, hence they cancel out to 0

at what vol does the PV line of the chest wall intercept Prs=0 line

60% VC

HIL of the abdomen

5cm below the diaphragm

eq vol of resp system when moving from standing to supine

new eq vol = 20% VC (decrease from the normal 36%)

lung vs abdominal pressure in standing vs in supine

STANDING: Pl = 5, Pab = -5, Pdi = 0, no tension SUPINE: Pl = 2, Pab = 7, Pdi = 0 tension is exerted

changes in pressure during inspiration and expiration

START: Ppl = -5 Palv = 0 INSPIRATION: Ppl = -8 and Pal = -1 then return to 0 Palv is lower than Pao so that air can enter EXPIRATION: Ppl = -5 and Palv = 1 and then return to 0 Palv is higher than Pao so that air can leave