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NUR 200 > Values, Ethics, and Legal Issues > Flashcards

Values, Ethics, and Legal Issues Flashcards

1
Q

What is a dilemma?

A

when someone has to choose between 2 morally incompatible and similarly weighed obligations

a catch 22

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2
Q

What is moral courage?

A

overcome fear and stand up for patient’s rights

Allows for ethical and legal patient care

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3
Q

What is moral failure?

A

when one regrets, feels lost; guilty; or powerless because the resolution is not quickly determined or there is no resolution

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4
Q

What are values?

A

LEARNED implicit and explicit mental maps for decision making that a present for a long period in someone’s life

We use these to distinguish right from wrong

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5
Q

What is a value system?

A

a learned set of rules and principles

This is how we prioritize values

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6
Q

What should we do when value systems are not the same?

A

Recognize our own values and the patient’s values.

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7
Q

What is an attitude?

A

A person’s disposition toward something or a situation

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8
Q

What is a belief?

A

an idea that someone accepts as true

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9
Q

What are behaviors?

A

actions that can be perceived or observed

They indicate a person’s value priorities

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10
Q

What affects how values change, are accepted or let go?

A

culture, society, one’s age and stage of development

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11
Q

What is a worldview?

A

unquestioned framework or predominant set of assumptions on how people view life

This guides actions

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12
Q

What influences socialization?

A

family, school, religion, work, and service

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13
Q

What is morality?

A

principles of conscienceand that rules are cooperative agreements that can be modified

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14
Q

When does someone start to act more upon their own principles (peer pressure not as effective)

A

late adolescence

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15
Q

How do religions influence values?

A

teach faith-based principles and ritualize values through activities

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16
Q

What are value clarification methods?

A

ways to help providers and patients to find out what is important when there is a decision to make and a need or prioritize

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17
Q

What are some examples of value clarification methods?

A

pros and cons list, ranking sheet

Examine past situations and decisions
Reflect on current options and future decisions
Explore how they spend their time by naming things they do in a typical 24 hour day

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18
Q

What are the assumptions in a value clarification process?

A

the people a part of the process must feel safe enough to openly reveal their values
the people must have the ability to not need to agree or disagree with others in the discussion
there needs to be enough time to think about the values in question and time to identify your values

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19
Q

What is values inquiry?

A

a way to analyze social issues and the values that drive human choices

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20
Q

What questions are good to ask to understand someone’s values?

A

what are the claims from the viewpoint of the patient? What are the facts from the viewpoint of the nurse? What are the claims from the viewpoint of the family?
What values are represented in each of the viewpoints of the claim statements?
What is the cultural worldview and orientation system that helps to define each claim as important?
What are the possible solutions from the point of view of the patient, family, and nurse?
What are the advantages and disadvantages of each possible solution?

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21
Q

What are common issues when resolving value conflicts?

A

perception of conflict
meaning of resolution
values underlying the resolution process

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22
Q

What are institutional policies?

A

guidelines developed by organizations or agencies to direct professional practice

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23
Q

What is ethics?

A

a type of philosophy, concentrating on morality

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24
Q

What does morality look at?

A

intentions and actions that are viewed as good or right compared to actions seen as bad or wrong

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25
Q

What is morality?

A

set of beliefs about what is right and wrong to determine the correct or acceptable action in a moment

26
Q

What are personal values?

A

beliefs a person feels are very important.

these are learned through socialization

27
Q

What are professional ethics?

A

values of disciplinary groups

28
Q

What is the Code of Ethics for Nurses?

A

a professional guideline for nursing conduct and responsibilities created by the ANA (in the US)

29
Q

What is the ICN?

A

International Council of Nurses

They published a code of ethics for nurses, which is recognized as relevant in several countries

30
Q

Explain the Code of Ethics for Nurses by the ANA?

A

Compassion and respect
Commitment to the patient
Protects the patient’s rights and advocates for their patient
Accountable and responsible for nursing practice
Promote health and safety, holism, and stay professionally competent
Establish, maintain, and improve an ethical environment
Research and inquire scholarly to advance the field
Collaborate with health professionals to protect human rights, promote health, diplomacy and reduce health disparities
Integrity and social justice

31
Q

What is autonomy?

A

creating an environment to allow patients to make their own medical decisions considering their own values and circumstances

32
Q

What is a living will?

A

advanced directive that outlines the specific types of medical treatment patients are okay and not oaky with recieving

33
Q

What is a proxy directive or durable power of attorney for healthcare?

A

advanced directive that names a person to make decisions if they are unable to make decisions by themselves

34
Q

What is beneficence?

A

promoting good to help people

35
Q

Wht is nonmaleficence?

A

avoid doing, prevent, and remove from harm

36
Q

What is justice?

A

making decisions about distributing resources for societies or groups

37
Q

What is the AHA?

A

American Hospital Association

created a brochure outlining patient rights, ethical values, and legal rules. They emphasize veracity, fidelity, privacy, and confidentiality

38
Q

What is veracity?

A

telling the truth

39
Q

What is fidelity?

A

keeping your promises

40
Q

What is privacy?

A

use patient information correctly and cover a patient’s body when able to

41
Q

What is confidentiality?

A

keep patient information private

42
Q

How do you resolve ethical dilemmas?

A

Validate feelings
Analyze case
Identify potential outcomes
Identify short-mand long-term goals
Clarify accountabilities according to plan
Follow through with the established plan
Resolve reactions
Evaluate impact

43
Q

What are organizational ethics committees?

A

groups of ethical consultants that evaluate and address ethical problems at a healthcare facility.

can help be an ethical consult in some cases

REQUIRED BY THE JOINT COMMISSION

44
Q

What are laws?

A

rules or standards of human conduct that protect citizens’ rights and created by legislative bodies and interpreted in courts.

45
Q

What are the sources of law?

A

legislative satutes
constitutions
common law

46
Q

What are constitutions?

A

foundations of the systems of justice

47
Q

What are legislative statues?

A

law from a legislative body

48
Q

What is common law?

A

changes based on court decisions; these cannot be supported only by statutory constitutional law

49
Q

What are the categories of law?

A

criminal or civil

50
Q

What is civil law?

A

private law that looks at relationships among private individuals

51
Q

What are the types of civil law?

A

contract law and tort law

52
Q

What is criminal law?

A

public law that looks at public safety and welfare

53
Q

What are the types of criminal law?

A

felonies and misdemeanors

54
Q

What is licensure?

A

legal ability to practice a profession

55
Q

What are generally outlined in nurse practice acts?

A

GENERALLY concern scope and expectations of practice, how nursing is governed, and outline of nursing education requirements

56
Q

When is there liability for licensing for nurses?

A

sub standard care = malpractice
drug diversion or drug abuse
sexual contact with patients (especially in psych)

57
Q

What are the standards of care?

A

expected level of performance or practice outlined by authority or customs

58
Q

What is a tort?

A

unintentional or intentional private wrong doing that the law can rectify

59
Q

What can happen when a tort is committed?

A

can go to civil court
compensate for damages

60
Q

What is a crime?

A

a wrong punishable by the state

NUR 200 (4 decks)

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