Values Development

Question 1

Is composed of a set of self-cognitions regarding one’s traits, competencies and values. It is reinforced through feedback.

Answer 1

Perceived Self

Question 2

Represents the set of traits, competencies and values an individual would like to possess.

Answer 2

The Ideal Self

Question 3

Is the evaluative component of the self-concept. It is the function of the distance between the ideal self perceived self.

Answer 3

Self Esteem

Question 3

• Are those aspects of the individual’s self-concept that are derived from the social categories to which he or she perceives him/herself as belonging to.

Answer 3

Self Identities

Question 4

Is based on a rational understanding of the human person, specifically on understanding of the Filipino as a human being in society and his/her role in the shaping of society and the environment.

Answer 4

Values Education

Question 4

Are the beliefs, which we hold to be true - those noble ideals we struggle to attain and implement in our daily lives. Derived from the natural and moral laws and not from an individuals opinions and feelings.

Answer 4

Values

Question 5

suggest that unconscious forces act to determine personality and behavior. To Freud, the unconscious is that part of the personality about which a person is unaware. (THEORIES OF VALUES FORMATION)

Answer 5

Psycho-Analytic Theory (Sigmund Freud)

Question 6

When we see the behavior of a model being rewarded, we are likely to imitate that behavior. Behavior is learned through observation and imitation, not conditioning through reinforcement or punishment. (THEORIES OF VALUES FORMATION)

Answer 6

Social-cognitive learning theorist Albert Bandura

Question 6

Suggest that the keys to understanding developing are observable behavior and outside stimuli in the environment. If we know the stimuli, we can predict the behavior. (THEORIES OF VALUES FORMATION)

Answer 6

Behaviorist View (John B. Watson)

Question 7

Focuses on the processes that allow people to know, understand and think about the world. The cognitive perspective emphasizes how people internally represent and think about the world. (THEORIES OF VALUES FORMATION)

Answer 7

Cognitive Theory

Question 8

Proposes that a full understanding of development is impossible without taking into account the culture in which children develop. (THEORIES OF VALUES FORMATION)

Answer 8

Socio-cultural theory (Russian psychologist Lev Vygotsky)

Question 9

The major proponent of which is Urie Bronfenbrenner, seeks to explain individual knowledge, development, and competencies in terms of the guidance, support, and structure provided by society
and to explain social change over time in terms of the cumulative effect of individual choices (Berger, 2000). (THEORIES OF VALUES FORMATION)

Answer 9

Ecological Theory

Question 10

Contends that people have a natural tendency to make decisions about their lives and control behavior. (THEORIES OF VALUES FORMATION)

Answer 10

Humanism Theory

Question 11

Stresses that behavior is strongly influenced by biology, is tied to evolution, and is characterized by critical or sensitive periods (Santrock, 1999). (THEORIES OF VALUES FORMATION)

Answer 11

Evolutionary Theory

Question 12

Comes from the Greek word ethos, meaning character or custom.

Answer 12

Ethics

Question 13

To refer to a code of conduct put forward by a society and that it is used as a guide to behavior by the members of that society.

Answer 13

Descriptively (Morality)

Question 14

To refer to a code of conduct that, given specified conditions, would be put forward by all rational persons for governing the behavior of all moral agents.

Answer 14

Normatively (Morality)

Question 15

Affects our daily choices, and those decisions are guided by our conscience. The purpose of morality is to provide a frame work of optimum human survival. The standard of morality, however, is absolute and immutable – long-term optimum human survival.

Answer 15

Morality

Question 16

• Link individuals to reference groups, which establish a set of role expectations and norms that guide the individual’s behavior within each of the social identities.

Answer 16

Social Identities