Values and Variable pt.2 Flashcards by Tiger Dinh

What is a blank character?

An empty space

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What is the result of 23%3?

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What is the result of the following?
»> s=”Banana”
»>s[0:0:2]

> > > s=”Banana”
s[0:0:2]
“Bnn”

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Define list

Sequence of values (any type of values)

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Define elements or items

Values in a list

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Define nested

A list within a list

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What is an empty list?

A list that contains no items or elements

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An example of an augmented assignment statement

FinalG += x

FinalG= FinalG+x

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Are the following the same thing?

C = C+B
C += B

Yes. += is an augmented assignment statement

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Define immutable

Unchangeable

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Define class

A mechanism that allows us to create our own type of objects (variables)

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What does the Syntax for method look like?

(<variable>)(<dot>)(<method>)(<argument>)</argument></method></dot></variable>

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Are list mutable or immutable?

Mutable

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An example of In Operator

> > > cheese=[“Cheddar”, “nacho”]
“nacho” in cheese
True

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What will happen to the following and what is this function called?
»> cheese=[“Cheddar”, “nacho”]
»>”hi” in cheese

> > > cheese=[“Cheddar”, “nacho”]
“hi” in cheese
False

The In Operator

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Example of a list

> > > a=[1,2]

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Example of a list Operator

>>>a=[1,2]
>>>b =[3,5]
>>>c= a+b
>>>c
[1,2,3,5]

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What will happen to the following and what is it called?

> > > t=[“a”, “b”, “c”, “d”]
t[1:3]

> > > t=[“a”, “b”, “c”, “d”]
t[1:3]
[“b”, “c”]

List slicing

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What is this method called and what will happen as a result?

> > > t=[“a”,”b”]
t.append(“c”)
t

> > > t=[“a”,”b”]
t.append(“c”)
t
[“a”,”b”,”c”]

This method is called appending which adds a new element to the list

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What is this method called and what will happen as a result?

> > > t1=[“a”,”b”]
t2=[“c”,”d”]
t1.extend(t2)
t1

>>>t1=["a","b"]
>>>t2=["c","d"]
>>>t1.extend(t2)
>>>t1
["a","b","c","d"]

This method is called extending which you take a list and combine it with another list.

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What is this method called and what will happen as a result?

> > > t=[“a”,”b”,”c”]
x=t.pop(1)
t

> > > x

>>>t=["a","b","c"]
>>>x=t.pop(1)
>>>t
["a","c"]
>>>x
["b"]

This method is called popping.

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What is this method called and what will happen as a result?

> > > t=[“a”,”b”,”c”]
del t[1]
t

> > > t=[“a”,”b”,”c”]
del t[1]
t
[“a”,”c”]

Delete method

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What is this method called and what will happen as a result?

> > > t=[“a”,”b”,”c”]
t.remove(“b”)
t

> > > t=[“a”,”b”,”c”]
t.remove(“b”)
t
[“a”,”c”]

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What does the following do and what is its purpose?

> > > s=”ham”
t=list(s)
t

> > > s=”ham”
t=list(s)
t
[“h”,”a”,”m”]

To split the string into list of characters

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What does the following do and what is its purpose? >>>s= "love ham" >>>t=s.split() >>>t

>>>s= "love ham" >>>t=s.split() >>>t ["love","ham"]

Define delimiter

Special character/symbol to split sentence/strings. Also used to join.

What is this method called and what will happen as a result? >>>b="hi-hi-hi" >>>delimiter="-" >>>t=b.split(delimiter) >>>t

``` >>>b="hi-hi-hi" >>>delimiter="-" >>>t=b.split(delimiter) >>>t ["hi","hi","hi"] ```

What is this method called and what will happen as a result? >>>t=["I","love","ham"] >>>delimiter=" " >>>s= delimiter.join(t) >>>s

``` >>>t=["I","love","ham"] >>>delimiter=" " >>>s= delimiter.join(t) >>>s " I love ham" ```

What is the result of this? >>>s="Banana" >>>s[0:0:2]

>>>s="Banana" >>>s[0:0:2] "Bnn"

What is the purpose of conditioned statement?

It gives us the ability to check the conditions and change the behaviour of the program

Define compound statement

A header followed by an indented body

Define branches

Alternative execution

Example of alternative execution

If x % 2= 0 print("x is even") else: print("x is odd")

Example of nested conditions

``` If x==y: print("x and y are equal") elif: print("x is greater than y") else: print("x is not equal to y") ```

Define Boolean expression

Boolean expression is an expression that is either true or false

What does this Operator mean? --

Compare or equal

What happens if you type in type(True)

What happens if you type in type(False)?

What does this Operator mean? x!=y

X is not equal to y

What does this Operator mean? x>=y

X is greater or equal to y

What are the three logical Operator?

"And" "or" "not"

Define chained conditionals

Conditional statements that contain more than one "if" or "elif"

What are the results when doing Boolean expression with "and"?

True and True = True True and False= False False and True= False False and False= False

What are the results when doing Boolean expression with "not"?

Not true=False | Not False= true

What are the results when doing Boolean expression with "or"?

True or true= True True or False= True False or True= True False or False= false

Define short-circuit evaluation

Short-circuit evaluation is the semantics of Boolean expressions in which the second argument is executed or evaluated if the first argument does not determine the value of the expression.

What are the 6 truth values?

``` True 1 Numbers other than zero Nonempty list Nonempty strings Nonempty dictionaries ```

What are the 6 false values?

``` False 0 String "none" Empty strings Empty lists Empty dictionaries ```

An example of relational operator

!= | /=

Special rules

For "and" Operator, if left value is true, then right value is checked and returned. If left value is false, then it is returned. For "or" Operator if left value is true, then it is returned, otherwise if right value is false, right value is returned.

Fun fact

When Python functions and methods do not return any values, the value None is returned

What will happen to the following? >>> age=37 >>> age>4 and age== 7

>>> age=37 >>> age>4 and age==7 False

What will happen to the following? >>> age=8 >>>not(age==8)

>>> age=8 >>>not(age==8) False

What will happen to the following? >>> age=89 >>> age==89 or age < 10

>>> age=89 >>> age==89 or age < 10 True

What will happen to the following? | >>> 'a'==('a' or 'b')

>>> 'a'==('a' or 'b') True (Refer to special rules)

What will happen to the following? >>>'b'== ('j' or 'b')

>>>'b'==('j' or 'b') | False

What will happen to the following? | >>>'a'==('a' and'b')

>>>'a'==('a' and'b') | False

What will happen to the following? | >>>'b'=('a' and 'b')

>>>'b'=('a' and 'b') | True

Will the following produce an error? >>>newList=[1,2] >>>newList.insert(2,3)

What will the following produce? >>> newList=[1,2] >>> newList=newList.insert(2,3)

None

What will the following produce? >>>age=32 >>>age='34' and age<35

>>>age=32 >>>age='34' and age<35 Error!

What will the following produce? >>>age=34 >>>age>35 and age=='23'

>>>age=34 >>>age>35 and age=='23' False

What does the Syntax for "for" loop look like?

for (Iterating variable) in (sequence): | (Statement to be repeated)

Define iterative statement

Allows us to repeat our statement in our programs

Define temporary variable

A variable used to store an intermediate value in a complex calculation

Define dead code

Part of a program that can never run, often because it appears after a return statement

Define incremental development

A program development plan intended to avoid debugging by adding and testing only a small amount of code at a time

Define scaffolding

Code that is used during program development but it is not part of the final version

Define guardian

A program pattern that used a conditional statement to check for and handle circumstances that might cause an error

Define lexicographical order

It is order used to organize the word in a dictionary

Define traverse

To iterate through the items in a sequence, performing a similar operation on each

Define counter

A variable used to count something, usually initialized to zero, then incremented

Define iterate

To repeat

Define search

A pattern of traversal that stops when it finds what it is looking for

What will happen? >>>'ab'>'ac'

>>>'ab'>'ac' False a=a is the same but c is higher than b in terms of UNICODE

What is the Syntax for the built in function range()?

Range(start, stop, step)

What will happen? | >>>list(range(10))

>>>list(range(10)) | [0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9]

What will happen to the following? >>>x="47" >>>x.isdigit()

>>>x="47" >>>x.isdigit() True

What will happen to the following? >>>x=47 >>>x.isdigit()

>>>x=47 >>>x.isdigit() Error. Must be a string

What will happen to the following? >>>x="47.0" >>>x.isdigit()

>>>x="47.0" >>>x.isdigit() Error because of decimals

Define flag or sentinel

Conditions that stop while loops or infinite loop