VALUES Flashcards
Being sick or healthy , staying in prison or in school, experiencing war or peace, losing or keeping one’s job, and realizing the love of one’s parents, or the difficulty of unexpected pregnancy are situations where freedom may still exist.
FREEDOM AS CONTEXT
WHAT ARE THE TWO THREATS OF FREEDOM
EXTERNAL THREATS TO FREEDOM AND INTERNAL THREATS TO FREEDOM
Are those conditions that limits and hinder the full exercise of one’s personal freedom on a physical level. Hence, these threats are more obvious and visible. Imprisonment, sickness, war, and unexpected pregnancy are familiar examples.
External threats to freedom
are those conditions that limit and hinder the full exercise of our personal freedom from within. Although invisible and not so obvious, these inner circumstances have an effect on our moral decisions and actions. These take the form of memories, feelings, attitudes, cultural biases, philosophies, and ways of thinking.
. Internal threats to freedom
In the previous lesson, we learned that human persons are created in the image and likeness of God.
We are gifted with freedom that gives us the capacity to choose freely distinguishing us from all the other creatures.
Freedom as the capacity to choose
God’s gift to human beings. It entails responsibility. It is the respond to situations appropriately.
FREEDOM
A human action refers to either an
“act of man” or a free human act
a person who practice virtues becomes
virtuous person
a person who develops vices
becomes vicious and morally corrupt person.
In his “Two Treatises of Government” (1689), HE argues that individuals have a natural right to life, liberty, and property. He asserts that people enter into civil society to secure these rights, and the government’s role is to protect them. HE’s ideas laid the foundation for modern notions of individual freedom and limited government.
JOHN LOCKE
In “The Social Contract” (1762), HE discusses the concept of the general will, which represents the collective will of the people in a just society. He argues that true freedom comes from obeying the general will and that individuals must be forced to follow it because it represents their true, common interests.
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
in his essay “What is Enlightenment?” (1784), defines enlightenment as the process of humans emerging from their self-imposed immaturity. He emphasizes the importance of using one’s reason and intellect to attain freedom from ignorance and the control of others. HE believed that enlightenment leads to personal autonomy and the ability to make rational choices.
Immanuel Kant
an existentialist philosopher, discusses freedom in his work “Existentialism is a Humanism” (1946). He famously states, “Man is condemned to be free,” meaning that humans are fundamentally responsible for their choices and actions. HE argues that freedom entails anguish and responsibility, as individuals must create their own values and meaning in an indifferent universe.
JEAN-PAUL SARTE
essay “Two Concepts of Liberty” (1958) distinguishes between negative liberty (freedom from interference or coercion) and positive liberty (the capacity to achieve one’s potential). He explores the tension between these two concepts and the potential dangers of prioritizing one over the other in political contexts.
ISAIAH BERLIN
True freedom involves recognizing and respecting the rights and freedoms of others. Making responsible decisions means refraining from actions that harm or infringe upon the rights of others, such as physical harm, theft, or violating their privacy.
RESPECTING THE RIGHTS OF OTHERS
