Validity & Reliability Flashcards

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1
Q

(Validity & Reliability) How do you check for test-reset reliability?

A

Repeat the study with the same participants (to see if the same results are obtained the second time).

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2
Q

(Validity & Reliability) How do you check for inter-rater reliability?

A

Check one observer’s findings against those of another observer (to see if they are consistent with each other).

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3
Q

(Validity & Reliability) How do you check for spilt-half reliability?

A

Compare items within a test to see if they are giving the same findings (e.g. compare odd-numbered items with even-numbered items.

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4
Q

(Validity & Reliability) What are the 4 ways to improve reliability?

A
  • Make the procedure standardised.
  • Make the study replicable.
  • Make the sample large enough.
  • Ensure questionnaires contai multiple items all related to the same construct.
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5
Q

(Validity & Reliability) Ways to improve reliability: Why would you standardised the procedure?

A

So that all participants have the same experience.

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6
Q

(Validity & Reliability) Ways to improve reliability: Why would you make the study replicable?

A

To be able to check that the original study was reporting an effect that will be consistently seen).

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7
Q

(Validity & Reliability) Ways to improve reliability: Why would you make the sample large enough?

A

To reveal the typical, consistently occurring response (i.e. that has not been distorted by flukes or anomalies).

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8
Q

(Validity & Reliability) Ways to improve reliability: Why would you ensure that the questionnaires contain multiple items all related to the same construct?

A

To be able to find out a participant’s ‘settled’ response.

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9
Q

(Validity & Reliability) Describe face validity.

A

Whether, on the face of it, the test looks like it is measuring what is supposed to be measured.

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10
Q

(Validity & Reliability) Describe construct validity.

A

Whether the test has been shown to measure what it is supposed to be measuring (i.e. the desired construct).

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11
Q

(Validity & Reliability) Describe concurrent validity.

A

Whether results on one test concur with results on another tests (such as measuring the same construct).

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12
Q

(Validity & Reliability) Describe criterion (predictive) validity.

A

Whether results on a test can predict results on other (similar) tests in the future.

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13
Q

(Validity & Reliability) Describe ecological validity.

A

Does the study represent a real-life situation?

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14
Q

(Validity & Reliability) Describe population validity?

A

Can the sample be generalised from?

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15
Q

(Validity & Reliability) List the 4 types of internal validity.

A

Face, construct, concurrent and criterion (predictive).

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16
Q

(Validity & Reliability) List the 2 types of external validity.

A

Ecological and population.

17
Q

(Validity & Reliability) Ways to improve validity: Impose ________ to reduce the impact of __________ variables.

A

Controls
Extraneous

18
Q

(Validity & Reliability) Ways to improve validity: ______________ repeated measures design experiments.

A

Counterbalance

19
Q

(Validity & Reliability) Ways to improve validity: Use _______ participants design to control for __________ variables.

A

Matched
Participant

20
Q

(Validity & Reliability) Ways to improve validity: Avoid asking _______ questions.

A

Leading

21
Q

(Validity & Reliability) Ways to improve validity: Reduce ______ characteristics by not telling participants the full ___ of a study and/or by asking ___________ questions.

A

Demand
Aim
Smokescreen

22
Q

(Validity & Reliability) Ways to improve validity: Reduce social ___________ bias by guaranteeing anonymity to participants.

A

Desirability

23
Q

(Validity & Reliability) Ways to improve validity: Pre-test materials to reduce ________ bias.

A

Cultural

24
Q

(Validity & Reliability) Ways to improve validity: Carry out ______ _____ studies to reduce researcher/observer bias.

A

Double blind

25
Q

(Validity & Reliability) Ways to improve validity: Reverse items in questionnaires to avoid ________ ________ set.

A

Standard response

26
Q

(Validity & Reliability) Ways to improve validity: Ensure the sample is representative pf the ______ population (e.g. use ______ sampling).

A

Target
Random

27
Q

(Validity & Reliability) Ways to improve validity: Conduct _____ experiments to improve the _________ validity.

A

Field
Ecological