Validity Flashcards

1
Q

What is validity?

A

Does it measure what it intends to measure?

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2
Q

Face/ Content validity

A

Whether the measure APPEARS to measure what it should.

Judged by experts or experienced clinicians

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3
Q

Problems with face/ content validity

A

:( susceptible to experimenter bias

:( doesn’t always reflect accurate knowledge

:( may be a new area of research

:( lacks empirical support

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4
Q

Criterion validity

A

The extent to which a variable is related to a relevant outcome- is this measure related to something it should be?

1) CONCURRENT VALIDITY- measure compared against another standard criterion for that construction (e.g. a self-report measure of anxiety compared with clinician ratings)
2) PREDICTIVE VALIDITY- score on the measure compared with score obtained on a future criterion (e.g. score on a new reading test use to predict how many books a child is reading 6 months later)

For both, correlations are used to assess the degree of criterion validity

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5
Q

Construct validity

A

1) CONVERGENT- degree to which new scale correlates with measures of a similar construct (e.g. new depression scale with a standard, widely used depression scale)
2) DISCRIMINANT- doesn’t correlate with measures of a dissimilar construct (e.g. depression uncorrelated, or only weakly correlated, with IQ)

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6
Q

Multitrait-multimethod matrix

A

(Campbell & Fiske, 1959)

Model for testing construct validity (convergent and discriminant)

Used to measure multiple traits with multiple methods

Monotrait-heteromethod shows convergent validity (correlates the same trait measured with different methods- should be a higher correlation across the diagonal of the box than all others in the box,

Monotrait-monomethod (highest correlation should be the top diagonal as this is correlated with itself on the same method)

Heterotrait-monomethod shows divergent validity (different traits with the same method- different traits should not correlate highly with each other)

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