Validity Flashcards
It refers to the degree to which the measurement procedures measure the variable that it claims to measure
Validity
what/give the aspects of validity
face validity
contentc validity
criterion validity
construct validity
is the simplest and least scientific form of validity and it is demonstrated when the face value or superficial appearance of a measurement measures what it is supposed to measure
face validity
this type of validity is concerned with the extent to which the test is representative of a defined body of content consisting of topics and processess
content validity
two types of construct validity
construct underrepresentation
construct-irrelevant variance
failure to capture important components of a construct
construct underrepresentation
happens when scores are influenced by factors irrelevant to the construct
construct-irrelevant variance
formula of content validity ratio
CVR= n-(N/2) / N/2
who developed the formula content of validity ratio?
Lawshe
Identify if good or bad Validity
An IQ test containing items which measure memory, mathematical ability, verbal reasoning and abstract reasoning
good Face Validity
identify whether good or bad face validity
an Iq test contaning items which measures depression and anxiety
bad face validity
true or false
content validity is done by statistical analysis not by the inspection of items
false. conntent validity is NOT done by statistical analysis BUT by the inspection of items
involves the relationship or correlation between the tests scores and scores on some measurement representing an identical criterion
Criterion Validity
types of criterion validity
predictive validity
concurrent validity
true or false
correlation coefficient can be computed between the acores on the test being validated and the scores on criterion
true
it is demonstrated when scores obtained from a measure accurately predict behavior according to theory
predictive validity
it is established when the scores of a measure (predictor) is correlated with the scores of a different measure (criterion) taken at the same time
concurrent validity
college entrance test predict whether a student can meet the demand and standards of a college or university is an example of what validity
kapag specific : predictive validity
kapag general term:criterion validity
a test which measures learning disabilities should be significantly and negatively correlated with a test measuring school performance is an example of what validity
specific: concurrent
general:criterion
a test measure anger is expected to be significantly and positively correlated with a test measuring violent and aggresive behvaior is an example of what validity
specific: concurrent
general: criterion
true or false
a test has good construct validity if there is an existing psychological theory which can support what the test items are measuring
true
what is involve in establishing validity
logical analysis
empirical data
in measuring aggression, you have to check all past research and theories to see how the researchers measure that variable/construct is a type of what validity
construct validity
types of construct validity
convergent validity
divergent validity or discriminant validity
it involves comparing two different methods to measure the same construct and it is demonstarated by a strong relationship between the scores obtained and the two methods is what validity
convergent validity
in measuring childrens aggression you mayobserve their behavior directly and you may also ask their parents to accomplish an agression rating scale is a example of what validity
specific: convergent
general: construct
this refers to the demonstration of the uniqueness of that test
divergent or discriminant validity
in masuring children agression you have to distinguish what is the kids general activity and what is real agression is an exampleof
spec: divergent or discriminant
general: construct
a test maesures spelling ability should have a low correlation with a test which abstract reasoning is an example of
spec: divergent/discriminant validity
general: construct
true or false
reliability and validity are partially related and partially independent
true
true or false
validity is a prerequisite for reliability meaning a mesurement cannot be valid unless it is reliable
false reliability is a prerequisite for validity
tru or false
it is necessary for a mesurement to be valid for it to be considered variable
false. it is not necessary
true or false
in reliability resultsareconsistent while in validity results satisfy objectives
true
tool used to estimate or infer the extent to
which an observed score deviates from a true score.
standard error of measurement
is a
logical result or deduction.
inference
is the process of gathering and evaluating evidence about validity.
validation
This measure of validity is obtained by evaluating the relationship of scores obtained on the test to scores on other tests or measures.
criterion-related validity
this measures of validity is based on an evaluation of the subjects,
topics, or content covered by the items in the test.
content
refers
to a judgment regarding how well a test measures what it purports to measure at the time and
place that the variable being measured (typically a behavior, cognition, or emotion) is actually
emitted.
ecological validity
a judgment of how adequately a test score can be used to infer
an individual’s most probable standing on some measure of interest—the measure of interest
being the criterion.
criterion-related validity
the term applied
to a criterion measure that has been based, at least in part, on predictor measures.
criterion contamination
Test users involved in predicting some criterion from test scores are
often interested in the utility of multiple predictors.
incremental validity
is an
informed, scientific idea developed or hypothesized to describe or explain behavior.
construct
a numerical or verbal judgment (or both) that places a person or an
attribute along a continuum identified by a scale of numerical or word descriptors
rating
is a judgment resulting from the intentional or
unintentional misuse of a rating scale.
rating error
also known as a
generosity error) is, as its name implies, an error in rating that arises from the tendency on
the part of the rater to be favorable in scoring, marking, and/or grading.
leniency error
Here the rater, for
whatever reason, exhibits a general and systematic reluctance to giving ratings at either the
positive or the negative extreme.
central tendency error
describes the fact that, for some raters, some ratees can do no wrong. More
specifically, it may also be defined as a tendency to give a particular ratee a higher
rating than the ratee objectively deserves because of the rater’s failure to discriminate among
conceptually distinct and potentially independent aspects of a ratee’s behavior.
halo effect
the correlation between measures of
the same trait but different methods.
convergent validity
a shorthand term for a class of mathematical procedures designed to identify factors
or specific variables that are typically attributes, characteristics, or dimensions on which people may differ
factor analysis
