validity

Question 1

define validity

Answer 1

the extent to which an observed effect is genuine.

Question 2

define internal validity

Answer 2

refers to whether the effects observed in an experiment are due to the manipulation of the independent variable.

Question 3

define external validity

Answer 3

refers to the extent to which findings can be generalised beyond the research setting in which they were found.

Question 4

define ecological validity

Answer 4

the extent to which findings can be generalised to other settings and situations. this is a form of external validity.

Question 5

define temporal validity

Answer 5

the extent to which findings can be generalised to other historical times and eras. a form of external validity.

Question 6

how can we assess validity?

Answer 6

• face validity
• concurrent validity

Question 7

define face validity

Answer 7

a way of assessing whether or not something measures what it claims to measure.

Question 8

define concurrent validity

Answer 8

the extent to which the results of a particular test correspond to those of a previously established measurement for the same construct.

Question 9

how can you improve validity in experimental research?

Answer 9

using a control group means that a researcher is better able to assess whether changes in the dependent variable were due to the effect of the independent variable.

Question 10

how can you improve validity in questionnaires?

Answer 10

incorporating a lie scale within the questions in order to assess the consistency of a respondent’s response and to control for the effects of social desirability bias.