Valid Argument Forms

Question 1

A –> B

Answer 1

FORM 1: AFFIRMING THE SUFFICIENT

A
_______
B

Question 2

A –> B

Answer 2

FORM 2: DENYING THE NECESSARY

/B
_____
/A

Question 3

A –> B –> C

Answer 3

FORM 3: THE TRANSITIVE

_____
A –> C

Question 4

A some B –> C

Answer 4

FORM 4:
_____________
A some C

Some dogs are cute. All cute things are lovable. Therefore, some dogs are lovable.

Question 5

A -most-> B –> C

Answer 5

FORM 5:
_______________
A -most-> C

Most cats are aloof. Everything that’s aloof is arrogant. Therefore, most cats are arrogant.

Question 6

A –> B

A –> C

Answer 6

FORM 6:
_______________
B some C

All turtles know kung fu. All turtles are named after Italian artists. Therefore, some things that know kung fu are named after Italian artists.

Question 7

A –> C

B –> C

Answer 7

COROLLARY TO FORM 6

_______________
/A some /B

Question 8

A –> B

A some C

Answer 8

FORM 7:

_______________
B some C

All A’s are B’s. Some A’s are C’s. Therefore, some B’s are C’s.

Question 9

A –> B

A -most-> C

Answer 9

FORM 8:
_______________
B some C

All stars are bright. Most stars are supermassive. Therefore, some things that burn bright are supermassive.

Question 10

A -most-> B

A -most-> C

Answer 10

FORM 9:
_______________
B some C

Most turtles are delicious to eat. Most turtles know kung fu. Therefore, some things that are delicious to eat know kung fu.