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OB/GYN - ARDMS Registry > Vagina & Uterus > Flashcards

Vagina & Uterus Flashcards

1
Q
A

Hydrocolpos
- appears as a tubular cystic structure posterior to the bladder

  • associated with imperforate hymen
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2
Q
A

Hydrometrocolpos
- appears as a large cystic mass posterior to the bladder

  • associated w/ imperforate hymen
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3
Q
A

Hematocolpos

-appears as a tubular cystic structure with echogenic debris posterior to the bladder

  • associated with imperforate hymen
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4
Q
A

Hematometrocolpos
- appears as a large cystic mass with echogenic debris seen posterior to the bladder

  • associated w/ imperforate hymen
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5
Q

hydrocolpos & hydrometrocolpos are associated with what abnormality?

A

imperforate hymen

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6
Q

What is the most common congenital abnormality of the female genital tract?

A

imperforate hymen

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7
Q
A

Gartner duct cyst

  • typically seen in the anterior wall of the vagina
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8
Q

What is the mc cystic lesion of the vagina?

A

Gartner duct cyst

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9
Q
A

vaginal cuff

  • not a pathology
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10
Q
A

Nabothian cysts

  • simple anechoic structure within cervix; may contain some internal debris or septations
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11
Q
A

cervical polyp

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12
Q
image showing postmenopausal cervix
A

cervical polyp

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13
Q

Cervical polyps SONO

  • not always seen on US. ___________ & ____________ help visualize polyps
A
  • hypoechoic to echogenic mass in cervix.
  • sometimes see vascularized stalk

  • Sonohysterography & 3D US
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14
Q

A 40 y/o women presents with Amenorrhea and pain/cramping. She has recently has a pelvic biopsy. Given the image and clinical information, what is the most likely diagnosis?

A

Cervical Stenosis

  • S/S include pain/cramping, amenorrhea, infertility, and asymptomatic
  • Image shows fluid trapped in the uterus (hydrometra).
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15
Q
A

hydrometra

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16
Q
A

hematometra or pyometra

  • hematometra may be more echogenic than pyometra
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17
Q

mc risk factor of cervical carcinoma?

A

HPV

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18
Q

Those with HPV have a greater risk of developing ________________.

A

cervical carcinoma

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19
Q

What is the mc female malignancy in women under 50 y/o ?

A

cervical carcinoma

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20
Q
A

cervical carcinoma

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21
Q
A

Unicornuate uterus

  • 1 uterine horn
  • 1/2 uterus
  • 1 fallopian tube / ovary
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22
Q
A

Partial Bicornuate (aka Bicornis Unicollis)

  • 2 uterine horns / 2 endos
  • 1 cervix
  • concave uterine contour at fundus
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23
Q
A

Complete Bicornuate (aka Bicornis Bicollis)
- 2 uterine horns / 2 endos
- 2 cervix
- concave uterine contour at fundus

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24
Q
A

Uterus Didelphys
- 2 uterus / uterine horns
- 2 endos
- 2 cervix
- 2 vaginas

** 2 of everything **

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25
Arcuate Uterus
26
Septate (aka Complete Septate) Uterus
27
Subseptate (aka Partial Septate) - upper medial septum is present - divided upper endo cavity - normal uterine contour
28
What is the mc mullerian duct anomaly?
Septate uterus
29
What is the mc GYN tumor?
Leiomyomas (fibroids or myomas)
30
Leiomyomas (fibroids or myomas) are mc in what race of women?
African American
31
African American women are at risk of developing ... (2)
- Leiomyoma - Leiomyosarcoma
32
Leiomyoma SONO: variable appearance...
- Solid, hypoechoic mass - Can have internal necrosis / degeneration - Calcifications or rim calcifications can occur w/ degeneration - Variable vascularity - Uterine enlargement (when multiple fibroids are present)
33
Leiomyomas (aka fibroids or myomas)
34
What is the most symptomatic type of Leiomyomas (fibroids or myomas)?
submucosal (can cause heavy bleeding & pain)
35
What type of leiomyoma is most likley to cause heavy bleeding and pain?
submucosal (most symptomatic type)
36
What type of leiomyoma is seen in the image?
submucosal
37
What type of leiomyoma is seen in the image?
subserosal
38
What type of leiomyoma is the mc?
intramural
39
What type of leiomyoma is seen in the image?
intramural
40
pedunculated
41
What type of leiomyoma is seen in the image?
intracavitary
42
Lipoleiomyoma
43
Pelvic ultrasound of a 54 y/o women shows large complex mass in the myometrium with hypervascularity. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Leiomyosarcoma
44
What is the defining characteristic of Leiomyosarcoma?
RAPID GROWTH (increasing by cms)
45
Adenomyosis - hypervascularity - myometrial cysts - heterogeneous uterus w/ hypoechoic striations (Venetian blind appearance) - posterior myometrium thicker and more hypoechoic than anterior myo - lose distinctino between endo and myo
46
Adenomyosis is often present in the uterus afflicted with _____
fibroids
47
What is the mc type of adenomyosis?
diffuse
48
What pathology may present with multiple small cyst in the myometrium?
adenomyosis (specifically diffuse)
49
Arteriovenous Malformation - mosiac pattern (color doppler) - lots of tiny serpiginous anechoic vessels in the uterus (greyscale)
50
What pathology presents with a mosaic pattern on color doppler?
Arteriovenous Malformations
51
What pathology is the mc cause of ABNORMAL uterine bleeding in postmenopausal women? - can also be asymptomatic
Endometrial hyperplasia
52
What is the mc clinical symptom of endometrial hyperplasia?
postmenopausal bleeding
53
What drug is associated with the sonographic appearance of this endometrium?
Tamoxifen - causes cystic changes in the endometrium
54
Endometrial hyperplasia
55
Endometrial hyperplasia is a precursor to _____________ ________________.
endometrial carcinoma
56
(postmenopausal uterus)
endometrial atrophy - thin echogenic endo - endo measures < 5 mm
57
endometrial polyps
58
Endometritis - hypervascularity - pneumouterus: gas/air in endo (ring down artifact)
59
Synechiae (Asherman's Syndrome)
60
Synechiae often occur after…(3)
Surgery Trauma Pregnancy
61
65 y/o presents with postmenopausal bleeding.
Endometrial Carcinoma - hypervascularity -thickened/enlarged, heterogeneous endo with lobulater contour - fluid in the endo - solid mass int he endo
62
What is the mc type of endometrial carcinoma?
adenocarcinoma
63
What is the mc GYN malignancy in north America?
Endometrial carcinoma
64
What is the mc clinical presentation for endometrial carcinoma?
postmenopausal bleeding
65
Endometrial carcinoma is associated with what other pathology in postemenopausal women?
Endometrial hyperplasia
66
What is the mc female genital tract malignancy?
Endometrial carcinoma
67
Elevated CA-125 is associated with GYN ________.
malignancies (endometrial,vaginal,cervical carcinoma)
68
MC type of IUD
Mirena (& Paraguard)
69
IUD SONO
- highly echogenic linear structure within the endo - shadowing may be present
70
IUD
71
What is the MC cause of uterine calcifications ?
leiomyoma (aka fibroid or myoma)
72
Adenomyosis is MC in ____________ women
multiparous
73
w/ __________________ you lose distinction between myometrium and endometrium
adenomyosis
74
What is the MC cause of abnormal uterine bleeding in postmenopausal women?
endometrial hyperplasia
75
STDs are a cause of ________________
endometritis
76
What drug can cause cystic changes in the endometrium, giving it a similar sonographic appearance to Endometrial Hyperplasia ?
Tamoxifen - given to pt w/ breast cancer or at high risk of breast cance

OB/GYN - ARDMS Registry (9 decks)

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