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Chapter 14 - Vaccines > Vaccines/ Malaria/ Incubation Periods > Flashcards

Vaccines/ Malaria/ Incubation Periods Flashcards

1
Q

Give examples of live attenuated vaccines?

A

Virus - measles, mumps & rubella

Bacteria - BCG

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2
Q

Give examples of inactivated vaccines?

A

Influenza

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3
Q

Give examples of detoxified exotoxins (produced by micro-organisms) vaccines?

A

Tetanus

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4
Q

Give examples of vaccines that are EXTRACTS of a micro-organism or produced by recombinant DNA tech?

A

Derived from a micro-organism - PNEUMOCOCCAL vaccine

Recombinant DNA - HEPATITIS B vaccine

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5
Q

What’s the difference between Live and Inactivated vaccines in terms of duration of action , schedule etc?

A

Live attenuated vaccines usually produce a durable
immunity, but not always as long-lasting as that resulting
from natural infection.

Inactivated vaccines may require a primary series of
injections of vaccine to produce an adequate antibody
response, and in most cases booster injections
are required; the duration of immunity varies from months
to many years.

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6
Q

Some inactivated vaccines are adsorbed onto an adjuvant such as _______ to ________?

A

Aluminium hydroxide to enhance the antibody response

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7
Q

What THREE vaccines are given at 8 weeks ?

A
  1. Diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis (whooping cough), polio, haemophilus influenza type B & hepatitis B (Brand: Infanrix hexa) 6 in 1. First dose.
  2. Meningococcal group B (Bexsero) First dose.
  3. Rotavirus gastroenteritis (Rotarix) First dose.

.

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8
Q

What THREE vaccines are given at 12 weeks?

A
  1. Diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis (whooping cough), polio, haemophilus influenza type B & hepatitis B (Brand: Infanrix hexa) 6 in 1 DTaP/IPV(polio)/Hib/HepB. Second dose.
  2. Pneumococcal (Prevenar 13)
  3. Rotavirus (Rotarix) Second dose.
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9
Q

What THREE vaccines are given at 16 weeks?

A
  1. Diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis (whooping cough), polio, haemophilus influenza type B & hepatitis B (Brand: Infanrix hexa) 6 in 1 DTaP/IPV(polio)/Hib/HepB. Third dose
  2. Meningococcal group B (Bexsero). Second dose.
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10
Q

What FOUR vaccines are given at 1 years old?

A
  1. H influenzae b and MenC (Menitorix) Single booster
  2. Pneumococcal booster (Prevenar 13) -
  3. Measles, Mumps & Rubella (MMR VaxPRO or Priorix) First dose.
  4. MenB booster (Bexsero). Single booster
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11
Q

What TWO vaccines given at 3 years and four months?

A
  1. Diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis & polio (4 in 1) (Boostrix-IPV® or Repevax®). Single booster dose.
  2. MMR (MMR VaxPRO or Priorix). Second dose.
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12
Q

What vaccine should be given to GIRLS between 12 and 13?

A
  1. HPV - human papillomavirus types 16 and 18 (and genital warts caused by types 6 & 11) (GARDASIL)

TWO DOSES 6-24 MONTHS APART

If started schedule with Cervarix - can complete course using Gardasil.

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13
Q

Which TWO vaccines should be given to 14 year olds?

A
  1. Meningococcal groups A C, W, Y disease - MenACWY (Nimenrix or Menveo) Single booster dose.
  2. Tetanus, diptheria & polio (3 in 1) (Revaxis) Single booster. Can be given at the same time as one above.
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14
Q

What vaccine to be given at 65 years old?

A

Pneumococcal (23 serotypes) Polysaccharide Vaccine (PPV)

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15
Q

What vaccine to be given at 65 and older? each year

A

Influenza (inactivated)

each year from September

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16
Q

What vaccine to be given at 70 years old?

A

Shingles/varicella-zoster vaccine (Zostavax)

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17
Q

Which vaccine leaves a blister immediately after/ a crusty spot (papule) at the injection site 2-6 weeks after it?

A

TB (BCG) Vaccine

usually leaves a small scar

18
Q

When is the TB (BCG) vaccine given?

A

babies (neonate), children and adults under the age of 35 who are considered at risk of catching tuberculosis (TB).

Not given to anyone over the age of 35, as there’s no evidence that it works for people in this age group

19
Q

When is the 6 in 1 DTaP/IPV/Hib/HepB Jab first doses given?

Diptheria
Tetanus
Pertussis (whooping cough)
Polio
Heamophilus influenza type B
Hep B
A

8 weeks
12 weeks
16 weeks

(2,3,4 months)

6 in 1 = 2, 3, 4

20
Q

When is the Pneumococcal vaccine (PCV) given?

And booster?

A

12 weeks / 3 months

Booster 12-13 months

21
Q

When is Meningitis C vaccine dose given?

A

1 years old

22
Q

When is rotavirus (stomach bug) vaccine given?

A

2 months

3 months

23
Q

When is the pneumococcal vaccine (PCV) booster given?

A

1 year

24
Q

When is the first dose of the MMR jab given?

A

1 year

25
Q

The 6 in 1 DTap/IPV/Hib vaccine is firstly given at 2,3,4 months old. A Heamophillus influenza B (Hib) booster is then given at 12 months with Men C. When is the next dose, containing only diphtheria, polio, tetanus and pertussis, given?

A

3 years and 4 months

26
Q

When is the final dose of Tetanus, diphtheria and polio (only 3 of the 6 in 1 jab) given?

A

14 year olds

27
Q

When is the (newly introduced 2015) children annual LIVE nasal spray flu vaccine (FLUENZ) given?

A

2 - 11 years
each year from September

If they are at particular risk they can get it up to 17 years

28
Q

Who is eligible for the FREE NHS flu jab? (14)

Ideally given Sep - Nov

A
  1. 65
  2. Pregnancy
  3. Chronic respiratory disease e.g. Severe asthma - inhaled or tablet steroid, COPD, Bronchitis, Emphysema
  4. Chronic heart disease e.g. heart failure
  5. Chronic kidney disease
  6. Chronic liver disease e.g. hepatitis
  7. Chronic neurological conditions e.g. Parkinson’s, multiple sclerosis
  8. Diabetes mellitus
  9. Compromised immuno-system inc. long term systemic corticosteroid treatment
  10. HIV infection
  11. Morbidly obese (BMI over 40)
  12. Learning disability
  13. Children - over 6 months (if long term condition), between 2 - 11 years
  14. Residents of long stay care homes / Carer’s / Household contacts of those on NHS sheilded patient list / Frontline health and social care workers.
29
Q

Which vaccine would be offered to pregnant women from 16 weeks of gestation to protect the newborn baby against whooping cough?

What additional vaccine is now routine to take from September

A

DTaP/IPV
Diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis (whooping cough), polio

influenza vaccine

30
Q

What route of administration is the flu vaccine given to
A. 6 month - 2 years
B. 2 - 17 years

A

A. injection

B. nasal spray (Fluenz Tetra - live attenuated) (nasal spray not licensed for under 2)

31
Q

Which vaccines should HIV positive patients NOT receive?

A
  1. BCG
  2. Yellow Fever
  3. Typhoid (oral)
  4. Influenza nasal spray (unless stable & on anti-retroviral therapy)
32
Q

Which TWO vaccines for neonates at risk only?

A
  1. BCG - Bacillus Calmette-Guérin

2. Hepatitis B

33
Q

The rotavirus vaccine (live, oral vaccine) that protects children against _____? When are the 2 doses given?

A

Gastro-enteritis
1st dose at 8 weeks
2nd dose at 12 weeks

Ideally both doses before 16 weeks.

34
Q

What advice should be given to carers of babies recently vaccinated with the rotavirus vaccine?

A

The vaccine is excreted in the stool and can be transmitted to close contacts - so wash their hands after changing babies nappies

35
Q

Wounds are considered to be tetanus-prone if they are sustained more than 6 hours before surgery or at any interval and are puncture type.

What is the cleansing requirement for:

A. clean wounds?
B. tetanus -prone wounds?

A

A. fully immunised patients (all 5 doses) do not req. tetanus vaccine
if incomplete vaccination - then give vaccine
if unknown status - req vaccine

B. management same as above + a dose of tetanus immunoglobulin given at a different site

36
Q

Antibacterial prophylaxis can be used in tetanus prone wounds - which abx can be used? (3)

A

Benzylpenicillin
Co-amoxiclav
Metronidazole

37
Q

Which vaccine should be offered to those aged under 25 years entering university who have not received it over the age of 10? years.

A

The meningococcal groups A with C and W135 and Y vaccine

(Nimenrix® or Menveo®). Single dose

38
Q

What is there a risk of following vaccination in preterm babies especially if born at or before 28 weeks gestational age?

What should the be monitored for?

A

Apnoea

Monitor respiratory complications for 48-72 hours

If baby develops bradycardia or desaturation after 1st immunisation, the second one should be in hospital with similar monitoring

39
Q

What’s the green book?

A

The UK immunisation schedule, in Immunisation against infectious disease – ‘The Green Book’.

40
Q

For children aged 6 months to less than 2 years who are in clinical risk groups should be offered with influenza vaccine?

This one could also be offered to children 2 -11years old whose parents refuse the live attenuated version,

A

egg-grown quadrivalent inactivated influenza vaccine.

another alternative to second Q - cell-grown

Chapter 14 - Vaccines (1 decks)

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