Vaccines Flashcards
What shots are given at birth ?
Hep B - 1st dose
What shots are given at 1 month ?
Hep B - 2nd dose
What shots are given at 2 months?
Rotovirus - 1st Dtap - 1st Hib - 1st PCV - 1st IPV - 1st
What shots are given at 4 months ?
Rotovirus - 2nd Dtap - 2nd Hib - 2nd PCV - 2nd IPV - 2nd
What shots are given at 6 months ?
Hep B - 3rd Dtap - 3rd Hib - 3rd PCV - 3rd IPV - 3rd can take between 6-18months
What shots are given at 12 months ?
Hib - 4th PCV 13 - 4th MMR - 1st Varicella - 1st Hep A - need two doses separate by 6-18 months
What shots are given 4-6 years ?
Dtap - 5th
IPV 4th
MMR - 2nd
Varicella - 2nd
what shots are given at 15 months
Dtap 4th
At what age is flu shot started ?
9 months TO 1 year = can get 1 or 2 doses
7-10 years = one dose
when is Hep A given? how many doses?
Starting at 12 months
in a two dose series and separate by 6 months
Meningitis (menaraca) is given when?
Starting at age 11-12 years
and a booster at 16-18 years
Tdap booster given when?
11-12 years old
HPV is given at what age? how many doses?
HPV start at 11-12 3 dose series, 3 months apart
new rule this year if you start <15 years old only need two shots 3 months apart
What ages is Hep B given?
Birth
1
2
6
What ages is Rotovirus given?
2
4
What ages is Dtap given?
2 4 6 15 4-6 years
What ages is Hib given?
2
4
6
12-15
What ages is PCV 13 given?
2
4
6
12-15
What ages is IVP given?
2
4
6-18
4-6 years
What ages is MMR given?
12-15m
4-6 years
What ages is Varicella given?
12-15m
4-6 years
What ages is Hep A given?
12- 23 m
two doses separate each by 6 months
When is menarca given?
11-12 years
booster at 16-18 years
What ages is Tdap given?
11-12years
What type of vaccine is:
whole virus or bacteria
fractional = protein based toxid or subunts
= polysaccharide based pure or conjuate
Inactived
aka killed
What type of vaccine is:
Weakened virus or bacteria
live-attenuated
what are all the vaccines that are live-attenuated
MMR
Varicella
rotavirus
intranasal influenza
what “other” stuff can be found in a vaccine other than the virus or bacteria
Suspended fluids - sterile water, saliine, fluids containing protien
Presrvatives and stabilizers- albumin, phenols, glycine
adjuvants or enhances to help it be more effective
What are all the routes vaccines can be given?
Oral
Intranasal
Parenteral - IM or SC - anterolateral thigh - infants, toddlers and preschoolers. deltoid
-multiple vaccines just need to be given at different sites > 1 inch apart
What vaccine schedule do Premature infants follow
Same schedule as full term infants
What should be given to each parent/patient when a vaccine is given ?
Vaccine infomation statement - VIS
require by the national childhood vaccine injury act
What are all the contraindications to vaccines?
- severe allergic reaction- anaphylaxis with previous vaccine or component
- Live virus vaccines if severely immunopcomporised
- Mod/severe acute illness with/without fever
Is a vaccine okay to give if a mild illness is present with a fever?
Yes
Can MMR and Influenza be given if a child has a egg allergy?
Measles and mumps derived from chicken embryo fibroblast
Children with egg allergy even if severe, are at low risk for anaphylaxis
can be given with no precautions
* Influenza can NOT be given
What are some side effects to vaccines?
Majority are mild- redness, swelling, mild pain and discomfort, low grade fever, fainting
significant- doument in chart
repoart to VARES
What is the VARES
Vaccine adverse event reporting system
- all docs who administer vaccines
- maintain permanent vaccine records and report to VARS reportable events
What vaccine - is a virus that causes acute, chronic, perinatal disease
risk of progression to chronic disease is greatest at a young age.
90% of infants
25-50% 1- 5 years
mortality due to cirrhosis or liver cancer
HEP B - 2, 4 , 6-18m
Dtap protects against what?
Diptheria, tetanus toxoids and acellular pertussis
What bacteria will presents with fevers, pharyngitis with a psuedomembrane
10 % mortality
without treatment 50% mortality
highest risk < 5 years old and > 40 years old
Dtap - Corynebacterium diphtheria
What bacteria will transmitted through a break in the skin leading to muscle spasms/rigidity
10–20% mortality
Clostridium tetani
Dtap
what bacteria will caused whooping cough
50% of infants require hospitalizations
3 in 5 are apnea
1% mortality
Bordetelal pertussis
Dtap
If there is a pertussis epidemic - how early can the vaccine be given?
6 weeks
When is Dtap stopped and Tdap recommended ?
Do not given if 7 or older
should give Tdap at age 7
What does Haemophilus influenza cause
Sepsis mengitis pneumonia cellulitis pericarditis otitis media
Before this vaccine_____ was given this bacteria ____ was the leading cause of bacterial meningitis in pediatrics
HiB vaccine
Haemophilus influenza type B
PCV 13 protects against what type of infections?
S. spnumonia pneumonia bacteremia meningitis otitis media
When do you give PPSV23
Age 2 and older
give only to those are risk of invasive pneumoncoccal diease
given after PCV 13 - wait 8 weeks then given PPSV23
What is the most common cause of diarrhea in young children prior to the vaccine
Rotavirus
50% went to the ED
1/3 were hospitalized
What are all the live vaccines?
Flu- intranasal
MMR
Rotavirus
Varicellla
you can not give rotavirus when?
Can NOT start once 15 weeks old
can NOT give any doses after 8 months old
What virus can cause viral meningitis and lead to a paralytic disease
last case reported was 1993
Polio
IPV- 3 types of poliovirus
which oral vaccine was linked to rare cases of polio?
VAPP - previous polio vaccine
What are contraindications to Influenza vaccine
< 6 months of age
live = asthma, chronic pulmonary disease , serious chronic disease, immunocompromised
What causes recent Measles outbreaks in the U.S
non-vaccinated travelers
decline in vaccinations
What virus will cause an acute self-limiting nausea, vomiting, fever, jaundice, rarely progresses to acute liver failure
mortality < 1 %
Hepatitis A
What vaccine is a reduced dose of diphtheria and pertussis toxoid
Tdap
What virus causes warts on the skin and mucous membranes
what virus is associated with cancers- cervical anogenital and oropharyngeal
HPV - 6, 11
HPV - 16 & 18
This vaccine covers 5 serotypes - A, B, C, W and Y
which one covers
Mengitis
Menveo and Menactra
What is the combination called - Dtap and IPV
Kinrix
What is the combination called - Dtap, Hep B, HiB
Pediatric
What is the combination called - Dtap, IPV, HiB
Pentacel
What is the combination called- MMRV
ProQuad
