Vaccines

Question 1

Vaccine considerations:

CD4 and CD8 T cells

Answer 1

Intracellular vaccines

Question 2

Whole pathogens are killed with heat, formaldehyde, or radiation

Answer 2

Inactivated

Question 3

Non infectious, may require booster, not as potent as attenuated

Answer 3

Inactivated vaccine

Question 4

Salk polio vaccine type

Answer 4

Inactivated

Question 5

Fluzone vaccine type

Answer 5

Inactivated

Question 6

Steps of creating Fluzone

Answer 6

1. Inactivated with formaldehyde (diluted out before injection)
2. Injected into isotonic saline

Question 7

Potent, doesn’t require a booster,

Answer 7

Attenuated

Question 8

Type of vaccine that is better at eliciting CD8 response by MHC 1

Answer 8

Attenuated

Question 9

Vaccine that selects for a variance of the pathogen with a decreased pathogenicity

Answer 9

Attenuated

Question 10

Vaccine type that can made by genetic alteration of a pathogen to lack virulence factor but is still able to replicate

Answer 10

Attenuated

Question 11

A vaccine that can be grown on different tissue (monkey cells) and then grown in culture to lose virulence strength (serial passage in cell cultures

Answer 11

Attenuated

Question 12

Vaccine considerations: antibodies, CD4 T cells

Answer 12

Extracellular pathogens

Question 13

Type of vaccine that is an avirulent live organism or virus

Answer 13

Attenuated vaccine

Question 14

BCG is what type of vaccine (prevents TB and is not used in the US)

Answer 14

Attenuated vaccine

Question 15

What type of vaccine is rotavirus

Answer 15

Attenuated vaccine

Question 16

Flumist quadravalent contains how many B strains

Answer 16

two

Question 17

Flumist is what type of vaccine

Answer 17

attenuated

Question 18

What attenuated vaccine is capable of small scale replication prior to elimination by immune system

Answer 18

FluMist

Question 19

What attenuated vaccine is capable of inducing cytotoxic CD8 T cell response

Answer 19

Flumist

Question 20

What type of vaccine is not pathogenic, is made from inactivated toxins, and is used when toxins cause disease

Answer 20

Toxoid

Question 21

Diptheria and tetanus are use what type of vaccine

Answer 21

Toxoid

Question 22

What vaccine is used when antigens are poor at generating immune response

Answer 22

Conjugate

Question 23

what type of vaccine is non infectious, contains purified proteins from cell wall, is synthesized by recombinant DNA, does not activate DC cells

Answer 23

Subunit or conjugate

Question 24

what vaccine type is often combined with an adjuvant to strengthen immune response

Answer 24

subunit or conjugate

Question 25

Explain the Adjuvant/subunit/conjugate process

Answer 25

Adjuvants cause DC cell maturation resulting in T cell activation

Question 26

Explain Depot effect

Answer 26

DC recruitment and activation of TLRs--> Cytokines are secreted--> antigen presentation and costimulation

Question 27

Pentacel protects against which illnesses

Answer 27

diptheria, pertussis, tetanus, polio, flu (4 dose immunization)

Question 28

pentacel is an example of what type of vaccine

Answer 28

Subunit or conjugated

Question 29

Hepatitis B is an example of what type of vaccine

Answer 29

Subunit or conjugated

Question 30

What type of vaccine is not FDA approved but is possible vaccine of the future

Answer 30

DNA

Question 31

Explain DNA vaccine

Answer 31

DNA encoding antigen is inserted into plasmid and is injected into the body--> antigen becomes expressed and is recognized as non self by immune system

Question 32

What are the benefits of DNA vaccines

Answer 32

Cheap to make, carry no risk of infection

Question 33

what are the disadvantages of DNA vaccines

Answer 33

limited only to protein antigens, may not stimulate an immune response

Question 34

West nile virus is an example of what type of vaccine

Answer 34

DNA

Question 35

Ebola virus is an example of what type of vaccine

Answer 35

DNA

Question 36

what type of vaccine contains attenuated microbes that are genetically modified to express a target antigen

Answer 36

recombinant vectors

Question 37

HIV, rabies, measles use what type of vaccine

Answer 37

recombinant vectors

Question 38

what type of vaccine uses non pathogenic microbes as carriers for pathogen specific antigens

Answer 38

recombinant vectors

Question 39

blank is derived from a single B cell clone that makes antibodies against a certain target

Answer 39

monoclonal antibodies

Question 40

monoclonal antibodies are an example of what type of immunity

Answer 40

passive immunity

Question 41

what is the disadvantage of passive immunity

Answer 41

it does not elicit lifelong immunity

Question 42

what is the difference between therapy and prohylaxis

Answer 42

therapy: once a person is already sick prophylaxis: used to prevent disease

Question 43

what currently treats concurrent ebola infection

Answer 43

monoclonal antibodies

Question 44

What are the types of adjuvants

Answer 44

Alum, TLR ligands activate DC, Other

Question 45

what adjuvant creates antigen depot at vaccination site

Answer 45

Alum

Question 46

what vaccine adjuvant is a potent Th2 adjuvant and stimulates IL4,5,13

Answer 46

Alum

Question 47

What adjuvant directs immune response toward TH1 immunity

Answer 47

IL12

Question 48

What adjuvant stimulates PRRs (specifically TLR2 and Dectin) leading to secretion of pro inflammatory cytokines by DC

Answer 48

Beta glucans (fungal cell wall)

Question 49

What TLR adjuvant is a detoxified derivative of LPS, stimulates TLR4, and causes a TH1 response (IFN gamma)

Answer 49

Monophophoryl lipid A (MPA)

Question 50

What TLR adjuvant is doubled stranded RNA, mimics virus, stimulates TLR3 and is an adjuvant for cytotoxic CD8 T cell response

Answer 50

Poly IC

Question 51

Immortalized cell line derived from the fusion of a B cell with a myeloma cell. The B cells are from immunized animals and secrete antibodies against a target antigen

Answer 51

Hybridoma