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Immunology Exam 2 > Vaccines > Flashcards

Vaccines Flashcards

1
Q

Vaccine considerations:

CD4 and CD8 T cells

A

Intracellular vaccines

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2
Q

Whole pathogens are killed with heat, formaldehyde, or radiation

A

Inactivated

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3
Q

Non infectious, may require booster, not as potent as attenuated

A

Inactivated vaccine

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4
Q

Salk polio vaccine type

A

Inactivated

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5
Q

Fluzone vaccine type

A

Inactivated

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6
Q

Steps of creating Fluzone

A
  1. Inactivated with formaldehyde (diluted out before injection)
  2. Injected into isotonic saline
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7
Q

Potent, doesn’t require a booster,

A

Attenuated

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8
Q

Type of vaccine that is better at eliciting CD8 response by MHC 1

A

Attenuated

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9
Q

Vaccine that selects for a variance of the pathogen with a decreased pathogenicity

A

Attenuated

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10
Q

Vaccine type that can made by genetic alteration of a pathogen to lack virulence factor but is still able to replicate

A

Attenuated

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11
Q

A vaccine that can be grown on different tissue (monkey cells) and then grown in culture to lose virulence strength (serial passage in cell cultures

A

Attenuated

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12
Q

Vaccine considerations: antibodies, CD4 T cells

A

Extracellular pathogens

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13
Q

Type of vaccine that is an avirulent live organism or virus

A

Attenuated vaccine

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14
Q

BCG is what type of vaccine (prevents TB and is not used in the US)

A

Attenuated vaccine

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15
Q

What type of vaccine is rotavirus

A

Attenuated vaccine

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16
Q

Flumist quadravalent contains how many B strains

A

two

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17
Q

Flumist is what type of vaccine

A

attenuated

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18
Q

What attenuated vaccine is capable of small scale replication prior to elimination by immune system

A

FluMist

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19
Q

What attenuated vaccine is capable of inducing cytotoxic CD8 T cell response

A

Flumist

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20
Q

What type of vaccine is not pathogenic, is made from inactivated toxins, and is used when toxins cause disease

A

Toxoid

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21
Q

Diptheria and tetanus are use what type of vaccine

A

Toxoid

22
Q

What vaccine is used when antigens are poor at generating immune response

A

Conjugate

23
Q

what type of vaccine is non infectious, contains purified proteins from cell wall, is synthesized by recombinant DNA, does not activate DC cells

A

Subunit or conjugate

24
Q

what vaccine type is often combined with an adjuvant to strengthen immune response

A

subunit or conjugate

25
Q

Explain the Adjuvant/subunit/conjugate process

A

Adjuvants cause DC cell maturation resulting in T cell activation

26
Q

Explain Depot effect

A

DC recruitment and activation of TLRs–> Cytokines are secreted–> antigen presentation and costimulation

27
Q

Pentacel protects against which illnesses

A

diptheria, pertussis, tetanus, polio, flu (4 dose immunization)

28
Q

pentacel is an example of what type of vaccine

A

Subunit or conjugated

29
Q

Hepatitis B is an example of what type of vaccine

A

Subunit or conjugated

30
Q

What type of vaccine is not FDA approved but is possible vaccine of the future

A

DNA

31
Q

Explain DNA vaccine

A

DNA encoding antigen is inserted into plasmid and is injected into the body–> antigen becomes expressed and is recognized as non self by immune system

32
Q

What are the benefits of DNA vaccines

A

Cheap to make, carry no risk of infection

33
Q

what are the disadvantages of DNA vaccines

A

limited only to protein antigens, may not stimulate an immune response

34
Q

West nile virus is an example of what type of vaccine

A

DNA

35
Q

Ebola virus is an example of what type of vaccine

A

DNA

36
Q

what type of vaccine contains attenuated microbes that are genetically modified to express a target antigen

A

recombinant vectors

37
Q

HIV, rabies, measles use what type of vaccine

A

recombinant vectors

38
Q

what type of vaccine uses non pathogenic microbes as carriers for pathogen specific antigens

A

recombinant vectors

39
Q

blank is derived from a single B cell clone that makes antibodies against a certain target

A

monoclonal antibodies

40
Q

monoclonal antibodies are an example of what type of immunity

A

passive immunity

41
Q

what is the disadvantage of passive immunity

A

it does not elicit lifelong immunity

42
Q

what is the difference between therapy and prohylaxis

A

therapy: once a person is already sick
prophylaxis: used to prevent disease

43
Q

what currently treats concurrent ebola infection

A

monoclonal antibodies

44
Q

What are the types of adjuvants

A

Alum, TLR ligands activate DC, Other

45
Q

what adjuvant creates antigen depot at vaccination site

A

Alum

46
Q

what vaccine adjuvant is a potent Th2 adjuvant and stimulates IL4,5,13

A

Alum

47
Q

What adjuvant directs immune response toward TH1 immunity

A

IL12

48
Q

What adjuvant stimulates PRRs (specifically TLR2 and Dectin) leading to secretion of pro inflammatory cytokines by DC

A

Beta glucans (fungal cell wall)

49
Q

What TLR adjuvant is a detoxified derivative of LPS, stimulates TLR4, and causes a TH1 response (IFN gamma)

A

Monophophoryl lipid A (MPA)

50
Q

What TLR adjuvant is doubled stranded RNA, mimics virus, stimulates TLR3 and is an adjuvant for cytotoxic CD8 T cell response

A

Poly IC

51
Q

Immortalized cell line derived from the fusion of a B cell with a myeloma cell. The B cells are from immunized animals and secrete antibodies against a target antigen

A

Hybridoma

Immunology Exam 2 (2 decks)

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