vaccines

Question 1

Live attenuated vaccine

Answer 1

the pathogen’s virulence is removed or limited chemically or by heat. The cell is still able to produce proteins that can enter antigen presentation
good for intracellular or viral pathogens, since we can get closer to their natural replication (activates t cells)
can be reactogenic, reversion (can mutate back into virulence)
TB

Question 2

Conjugated vaccine

Answer 2

the peptide of interest is conjugated with an antigen that is immunogenic - like a toxin
need to know what protein offers best protection for pathogen
e.g. toxoid + polysaccharide
- memory B cell

Question 3

whole cell extract

Answer 3

induce colonies to produce proteins needed for the body before killing them and putting them in a person
shorter development time
reactogenic + short boosters

Question 4

toxoid

Answer 4

• In order for antibodies to make a good immune detection the toxin must be the main virulence mechanism -> doesn’t protect against bacteria itself
  
  • Purified toxins detoxified by heating or chemical inactivation = toxoid
  • Toxoid protein is highly immunogenic but generates short-lived antibody responses without active infection
    Often need boosters