Vaccines

Question 1

Adjuvant

Answer 1

compound that increases immunogenicity of an antigen. The most common in vaccines is the aluminum salt Alum

Question 2

Passive immunization

Answer 2

the use of immune serum to give an immediate resistance to an infection

Question 3

active immunization

Answer 3

the act of immunizing with antigens to induce an immune response to a pathogen

Question 4

live attentuated

Answer 4

weakened virus that can replicate to a limited extent

Question 5

DPT

Answer 5

older vaccine used whole, killed pertussis

Question 6

DTaP

Answer 6

replaced pertussis bacteria with acellular components

Question 7

Tdap

Answer 7

reduced concentration, used in adolescents and adults

Question 8

DT and Td

Answer 8

boosts for diphtheria and tetanus

Question 9

Multi-vaccines

Answer 9

DTaP, IPV, and Hib

Question 10

Why was DPT used?

Answer 10

killed pertussis and was really good adjuvant; very strong innate immune response often lead to fever

Question 11

Why might DPT be problematic?

Answer 11

Some fevers were severe, many blamed vaccine for permanent disability

Question 12

What is the difference between DPT and DTaP

Answer 12

DTaP is made with pertussis toxoid and other purified components; uses aluminum salts as the adjuvant; much safer than DPT with many less sever reactions

Question 13

Describe DTP disease vs risk

Answer 13

Diptheria and tetanus: death 1 in 20

Pertussis death 1 in 20 for young children, encephalopathy, pneumonia

Question 14

Polio Vaccine

Answer 14

IPV inactivate polio vaccine or OPV (live attentuated strain)

Question 15

MMR vaccine

Answer 15

live attentuated virus; infants have maternal antibodies that would prevent the virus from growing, get vaccine at 12-15 months

Question 16

Are vaccines associated with autism?

Answer 16

no, but people have claimed it before; rate of autism is increasing over the time.

Question 17

MMR vaccine vs disease?

Answer 17

MMR Vaccine: Fever, rash, malaisel encephalitis or severe allergic reaction: less than 1 in a million

Question 18

HPV vaccine

Answer 18

Cervarix and Gardasil; protect against HPV 16 and 18; recommended for girls 11 to 12

Question 19

Rabies

Answer 19

Deadly viral disease; transmitted by bite form infected animal ; vaccination of domestic animals prevents most human exposure.

Question 20

Rabies Post Exposure Prophylaxis

Answer 20

RIG (rabies immune globulin); HDCV (human diploid cell rabies vaccine); PCECV (purified chick embryo cell vaccine)