Vaccines Flashcards
First vaccine
Smallpox Virus
-> inoculation with smallpox scabs or pus from infected people
-> cowpox lesion inoculation by Edward Jenner
Existence of airborne germs
-> swan neck flask experiment by Louis Pasteur
BCG vaccine
Bacillus-Calmette-Guerin
-> M. bovis
-> live attenuated
-> protects against TB-Meningitis
-> not against lung TB in adults and regional differences in protection
Polio vaccine
-> Salk, Sabin
-> inactivated or live attenuated
Sucessfull vacines should …
induce antibody production, T cell response isnt that important
Required vaccines
HIV, Tuberculosis, Malaria, Hepatitis C, …
Most recent Vaccines
Papilloma Virus, Rotavirus, Hepatitis A, Rabies, Ebola, SARS-CoV-2
3 Vaccine types
whole virus or bacteria
-> inactivated
-> live attenuated
-> live vectors
parts that trigger immune system
-> protein
-> peptide
-> polysaccharide
-> conjugate
genetic material
-> mRNA
-> DNA plasmid
6 vaccine compounds
Active ingredient
Adjuvants
-> help boosting immune response
->e.g. LNPs
Antibiotics
-> prevent contamination
-> e.g. Neomycin
Trace components
-> residual inactivating ingredients
-> Formaldehyd
Preservative
-> revent bacterial/ fungal growth
-> Thimerosol, only in multi-dose
Stabilizers
-> sugar, gelatin
Vaccine types and disease
SARS-CoV-2
-> live vector, mRNA
Polio
-> Inactivated (Salk), attenuated
Pertussis
-> inactivated
Measles, Mumps, Rubella
-> attenuated
Rabies
-> inactivated
Smallpox
-> live vector
Ebola
-> life vector
Tetanus
-> protein, Toxoid
HAV
-> inactivated
BCG
-> attenuated
Yellow fever
-> attenuated
Influenza
-> inactivated, attenuated
Haemophilus influenzae
-> conjugate
Diptheria
-> toxoid, protein
Typhoid
-> attenuated, conjugate
HPV
-> protein
Pneumococci
-> polysaccharide, conjugate
HBV
-> protein
Meningococci
-> conjugate
Rotavirus
-> attenuated
Salmonella
-> Conjugate
Different purposes of TB vaccine
Propyhlactic
After exposure
Therapeutic vaccination
