Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Preventative Med > vaccines > Flashcards

vaccines Flashcards

1
Q

RSV Pathogen

A

It is a Paramyxovirus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Respiratory Syncytial Virus Mode of Transmission

A

Contact with droplets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

RSV S/S

A

25-40 / 100 infants will develop bronchiolitis or pneumonia.
btw oct. to jan.
Bronchiolitis- proliferation and necrosis of bronchiolar epithelium- sloughed epithelium and increased mucous cause obstruction.
MOST COMMON cause of LRI in children, also causes acute otitis media

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

RSV Treatment and which children it is given to

A

Palivizumab(Synagis)- monoclonal antibody product, only given to high risk infants.

  • born before 35 weeks
  • born with some types of heart disease
  • has chronic lung disease
  • Dosing is every 28-30 days throughout the RSV seasen++++++
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Diphtheria (role of ____ and abx in tx of dz)

A

Antitoxin- Equine single dose, dose depends on size and site

Erythromycin PO or IV or PCN G to stop the toxin production.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Diphtheria (ppl in close contact with infected individual)

A

Booster vacc and erythromycin or Pcn G

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Diphtheria’s Pathogen

A

Corynebacterium diphtheriae G+ bacillus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Diphtheria’s Incubation

A

Incubation 2-5 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Diphtheria’s S/S

A

any mucous membrane
exudative pharyngitis spreads and may form adherent membrane which may cause respiratory obstruction
skin infections may manifest as scaling rash or by ulcers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Diphtheria’s Complications

A

myocarditis, neuritis, death occurs in 5-10%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Diphtheria Vaccination Schedule

A

DTaP or DT(children) Td or Tdap (children >/= 7 years and adults.
Dosing: 2,4,6,mo, then 15-18mo, then 4-6 years, Booster at 11-12 years then every 10 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Role of Tetanus Ig (TIG)

A

Dx made clinically, cultures are not helpful, TIG only removes unbound toxin, supportive therapy, abx, prophylaxis/wound management.
TIG=given ONLY IF FEWER THAN 3 OR UNKNOWN VACC HX AAAAAND WOUNDS THAT WERE NOT CLEAN OR MINOR.
Booster= fewer than 3 or unknown vacc hx.; also, for clean wounds with 3 in hx then within 10 years. for dirty wounds within 5 years.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Tetanus Pathogen

A

Clostridium tetani

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Tetanus Incubation

A

3-21 days (neonates 4-14d)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Tetanus Transmission

A

wound introduces bacteria from soil or animal feces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Tetanus First sign, and following signs

A

Trismus! followed by stiffness of the neck, dysphagia, rigidity of abdominal muscles.
Hyperthermia, diaphoresis, HTN, episodic tachy. Spasms that may occur freq and last for several minutes, could continue for 3-4 weeks. complete recovery could take months.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Tetanus Vaccine Schedule

A

DTaP or DT(children) Td or Tdap (children >/= 7 years and adults.
Dosing: 2,4,6,mo, then 15-18mo, then 4-6 years, Booster at 11-12 years then every 10 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Pertussis Stage 1

A

Catarrhal:
Coryza
Low-grade fever
Mild, occasional cough (which gradually becomes more severe after 1-2 weeks)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Pertussis Stage 2

A

Paroxysmal:
Real cough comes in.
Usually bursts of coughs due to the difficulty of expelling thick mucus.
Characterized by inspiratory high-pitched whoop after repeated cough on the same breath, which commonly is followed by vomiting(posttussive emesis)
NO fever usually.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Pertussis Stage 3

A

Convalescent:

Gradual Recovery weeks to months Typical total infection lasts 6-10 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Pertussis Pathogen

A

Bordetella pertussis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Pertussis Incubation

A

7-10days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Pertussis Transmission

A

Large respiratory droplets generated by coughing or sneezing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Pertussis Vaccination Schedule

A

DTaP or DT(children) Td or Tdap (children >/= 7 years and adults.
Dosing: 2,4,6,mo, then 15-18mo, then 4-6 years, Booster at 11-12 years then every 10 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

When should a pregnant woman receive her Tdap shot? and why?

A

btw weeks 27 and 36 of gestation. for optimal transfer of ab to neonate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Pertussis Tx. who do you tx and how soon?

A

Tx suspected cases and those exposed- do not wait on labs to confirm.

  • Macrolide (Bactrim if macrolide contraindicate)
  • -azithromycin preferred if <1 month
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Pertussis Complications. Who is at highest risk for complications with pertussis? How do these differ in their presentation of pertussis?

A

Pneumonia, seizures, encephalopathy, death.
Infants under 6mo are at highest risk of complications.
younger infants may present with shorter catarrhal stage, followed by gaggin, gasping, brady, or apnea (67%) as prominent early manifestations.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

When should we consider pertussis in ddx for a cough

A

any patient with a cough lasting >2weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Haemophilus infuenzae type b colonizes what area

A

Nasopharynx, ppl can be asymptomatic carriers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Hib causes what diseases

A 
Pneumonia
bacteremia
meningitis
epiglottitis
septic arthritis
cellulitis
otitis media
purulent pericarditis
(endocarditis, endophthalmitis, osteomyelitis, peritonitis, and gangrene)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What type of Hib most commonly causes infections of the respiratory tract? What percent of meningitis was caused by Hib in the pre-vacc era?

A

nontypable strains

50-65%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

15-30% of survivors experienced ____ or other neurologic sequelae? Case fatality rate is ????%?

A

hearing loss, 2-5 percent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Hib Vaccination Schedule

A

Dosing: 3-4 doses depending on brand, given at 2, 4, 6* months, then 12-15 months.
-ActHIB, Hiberix, or Pentacel are given in 4 doses
PedcaxHIB is given in a 3-dose series ( the 6mo dose is not necessary)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Hib Tx (Epiglottitis/Meningitis/other)

A

Epiglottitis: drooling, voice, stridor- Tx ET tube or tracheostomy.
Meningitis: Ceftaxime or ceftriaxone(with steroids is controversial)
Other H. influenzae: Augmentin, cefdinir, cefuroxime

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Pneumococcal Disease Pathogen

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae (10 of 90 known, cause 62% of invasive disease)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Pneumococcal Dz Transmission

A

person to person respiratory droplet contact

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Pneumococcal Incubation

A

1-3 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Pneumococcal Dz -Major Syndromes

A

Pneumonia, bacteremia, meningitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Pneumonia “prodrome” caused by Pneumococcal Dz

A

fever, chills, rigor, pleuritic CP, RUSTY SPUTUM, cough, dyspnea, tachypnea tachycardia.

40
Q

Leading cause of bacterial meningitis in <5 years of age

A

Pneumococcal Dz

41
Q

Vaccination Routine of PCV13

A

PCV13 in 4 doses- usually 2,4,6mo then 12-15mo

PCV13 given to adults >65 first if never given then PPSV23.

42
Q

Adults 19+ with immunocompromise are given 1 dose ____ then ____8 weeks later, additional ____5 years later, then again at age ___

A

PPSV, PPSV, age 65

43
Q

Adults 19-65 with certain chronic conditions, alcoholism, or smokers:

A

1 dose PPSV23 then another dose after 65 (at least 5 years after first)

44
Q

Tx of Pneumococcus infection

A 
Bacterial meningitis and other: Vancomycin plus cefotaxime or ceftriaxone plus dexamethasone.
noninvasive disease(AOM, sinusitis): amox
45
Q

Poliomyelitis pathogen and spread

A

enterovirus that enters through mouth and replicated, then hematologically spreads to lymphatics and CNS(destruction of motor neurons) type 2 and 3 are gone

46
Q

Poliomyelitis response by children

A

highly variable, approx 70% are asymptomatic

47
Q

IPV Vaccination Schedule

A

Dosing: 4 doses- 2mo,4mo, 6-18mo, then 4-6 years

48
Q

Measles Pathogen and Transmission

A

Paramyxovirus, droplets or, less commonly, by airborne spread

49
Q

Measles Incubation

A

8-12 days

50
Q

Measles Prodrome and PECKER

A

2-4 days of Fever, Rash, CCC, Koplik spots. Rash is maculopapular beginning on the face and spreading head to toe

51
Q

Measles Complications

A

Pneumonia, OM, Encephalitis(1:1,000 cases), seizures, death

52
Q

Measles Vaccination Schedule

A

Dosing: First dose 12-15mo (not MMRV), Second dose 4-6 years.
Should be given at 6 months if traveling internationally or an outbreak- requires revaccination after 12 months with 2 dose.

53
Q

Tx of Measles

A

No specific antiviral.

WHO currently recommends Vit A for all children with acute measles to reduce morbidity and mortality

54
Q

Mumps Pathogen and Incubation

A

Paramyxovirus, 14-18 days

55
Q

Mumps Prodrome

A

Myalgia, malaise, HA, low-grade fever

56
Q

Mumps Complications

A

Meningitis/encephalitis, Orchitis, arthritis, pancreatitis, deafness, death

57
Q

Mumps Vaccination Schedule

A

Dosing: First dose 12-15mo (not MMRV), Second dose 4-6 years.
Should be given at 6 months if traveling internationally or an outbreak- requires revaccination after 12 months with 2 dose.
NEW- Third dose can be given during an outbreak

58
Q

Rubella Pathogen and Incubation

A

Togavirus, 14 days

59
Q

Rubella Prodrome

A

Fever, respiratory symptoms and malaise, then generalized erythematous maculopapular rash lasting ~3 days, lymphadenopathy can occur after the rash and lasts several weeks. Clinical Disease is usually mild.

60
Q

Complications of Rubella

A

Arthralgia, thrombocytopenia(1:3,000), encephalitis(1:6,000), neuritis, orchitis

61
Q

Rubella’s primary objective of vaccine is:

A

Prevention of Congenital Rubella Syndrome

62
Q

Rubella Vaccination Schedule

A

Dosing: First dose 12-15mo (not MMRV), Second dose 4-6 years.
Should be given at 6 months if traveling internationally or an outbreak- requires revaccination after 12 months with 2 dose.

63
Q

Manifestations of CRS:

A

Auditory, Ophthalmologic, Cardiac, Neurologic Dz. Neonatal infections can result in Bone alterations, hepatospelnomegaly, thrombocytopenia

64
Q

Varicella Pathogen and Incubation

A

Chicken Pox-VZV(HHV-3), 14-16 days

65
Q

Prodrome of Varicella infection

A

Mild prodrome for 1-2 days then rash

66
Q

Progression of Varicella lesions

A

Rash is pruritic and progresses from macules to papules to vesicles before crusting

67
Q

Complications of Varicella

A

Secondary infection of skin, pneumonia, CNS manifestations, Reye’s syndrome, death 1:60,000 cases

68
Q

Maternal Varicella

A

from 5 days before to 2 days after birth has neonatal fatality rate of 30%. (meaning mother didn’t have immunity from prior illness and will likely spread to infant

69
Q

Congenital Varicella Syndrome

A

Maternal VZV infection <20 weeks gestation is associated with wide range of abnormalities

70
Q

Varicella Vaccination Schedule

A

Dosing: 1st dose 12-15mo, 2nd dose 4-6 years (4-6% of people get a rash after)

71
Q

PEP Varicella

A

studies show that varicella vaccine is >70% effective in preventing illness if given with in 3 days of exposure (can give up to 5 days post exposure)

72
Q

VariZIG (when is it given)

A

available for high risk individuals with significant exposure to VZV (immune comp, pregnant, newborn with maternal varicella, hospitalized preterm <28 weeks without maternal immunity or regardless of maternal immunity if <1000g birthweight

73
Q

Hepatitis A Transmission

A

Fecal-Oral route

74
Q

Hep A Incubation period

A

28 days

75
Q

Hep A S/S

A

Fever, malaise, anorexia, nausea, abdominal pain, dark urine and jaundice. lasts less than 2mo but 10-15% have prolonged illness or relapsing disease up to 6months.

76
Q

Fatality of Hep A

A

0.3% worse with age >40

77
Q

Hep A Vaccination Schedule

A

Dosing: given in two doses 6-18 months apart, given at ages 12-23mo

78
Q

Meningococcal Dz

A

Neisseria meningitidis is gram - diplococcus with 13 serogroups

79
Q

Leading cause of bacterial meningitis in the U.S.

A

Meningococcal Dz

80
Q

Incubation period of Meningococcal

A

3-4 days

81
Q

MenACWY-D and MenACWY-CRM(routine) vaccination schedule

A

Dosing: 2 doses: 11-12 years and 16 years.

  • --Men B-FHbb(Trumenba), Men B-4C (Bexsero) in children. -Dosing: 2 doses btw ages 16-23, given sooner to those with RF and those who travel to high risk areas or military (approved at age 10 in that case)
  • Bexsero - 2 doses 1mo apart
  • Trumenba - 2 doses 6mo apart (special dosing with RF)
82
Q

Meningococcal Dz Tx

A

Cefotaxime or ceftriaxone initially until microbiologic dx is established

83
Q

PEP of Meningococcal Dz

A

Rifampin, ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin, and aziothromycin.
DOC in children is rifampin.
Vaccination

84
Q

HPV pap test even with vaccination since—

A

30% of cervical CA caused by HPV types NOT in vaccine

85
Q

HPV Vaccination Schedule

A

9vHPV: approved age 9 and older
Dosing: if initiated age 11-12 given in 2-dose series, if initiated after age 15 given as 3-dose series

86
Q

Rotavirus Route and Incubation

A

Fecal-Oral transmission, <48 hours! and stays in the stool up to 30days

87
Q

Rotavirus Presentation/Complications

A

Watery Diarrhea, may result in severe dehydration when fever and vomiting occur, fever >102 in 1/3 of cases.
Comp: dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, metabolic acidosis.

88
Q

Rotavirus Vaccination Series

A

Dosing: given ORALLY at 2, 4, and (6) months

RotaTeq requires the third dose at 6mo, Rotarix does not.

89
Q

Hepatitis B Transmission

A

Blood Borne

90
Q

How long can Hep B live on environmental surfaces

A

7 days at room temp

91
Q

Causes/Complications of Hep B

A

acute and chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis and is the cause of 80% of hepatocellular carcinomas. (5% progress to chronic infection)

92
Q

Hep B Vaccination Schedule.

A

Recommended in pt’s with DM.
Dosing: 3 doses series given at birth, then 2mo&6mo(see notes about 4th dose)
1st dose given at hospital after birth.
FINAL DOSE not to be given before 24 weeks of age(must check catch-up schedule if this happens zac ya silly goose)

93
Q

Tx for infant born to Hep B surface antigen positive mother(HBsAg)

A

Administer HepB vaccine and hepatitis B immunoglobulin within 12hrs of birth.

94
Q

Adult dosing of Hep B Vaccines

A

HepB-CpG: 2 doses, 1 month apart.

second choices: Engerix, Recombivax HB given in 3 dose series

95
Q

Persons at risk for Hep B infection should receive what after vaccine?

A

Post vaccination serologic testing is recommended 1-2 months after final dose for persons at risk

Preventative Med (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions