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Pharm 446 Midterm #1 > Vaccine Preventable Diseases Part II > Flashcards

Vaccine Preventable Diseases Part II Flashcards

1
Q

What are the vacciens covered in Part II?

A
  • Diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus
  • Polio
  • Hib
  • Meningococcal
  • Rotavirus
  • MMR

Hiba the POLE dancer ROTATes and MEN go , I’d TAP that MMR.

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2
Q

How is Diptheria transmitted?

  • does natural immunity confer immunity?
A

direct contact with droplets from a cough or sneeze. resp diptheria affects mucous membranes of UPPER RESPIRATORY TRAC TONLY.

  • no!
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3
Q

How Tetanus transmitted?

  • does natural immunity confer immunity?
  • fatality rate w/o trx?
A

spread through spores that get into a wound.

* Infection does NOT CONFER IMMUNITY. Only means of protection is immunization.

80% fatality without treatment. Have to be intubated otherwise stop breathing.

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4
Q

What does Bordetella Pertussis cause?

  • classic sx of whooping cough?
  • how transmitted?
  • is immunity following infeciton life long?
A

WHOOPING COUGH. –> VVERY SERIOUS IN YOUNG INFANTS CUZ LACK LUNG CAPACITY TO DEAL WITH IT.

  • SX: paroxysmal cough - can’t breathe cuz coughing so hard, hence whooping cough cuz tryign to breathe against closed throat, can suffocate.
    Immunity NOT LIFELONG !!
  • transmitted through direct contact with DROPLETS from a cough or sneeze (veryyy CONTAGIOUS).
  • no! wanes after 4-20 yrs!!
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5
Q

For any of the infections in dtap, does natural infection confer lifelong immunity?

A

no!

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6
Q

Why did they switch from whole cell to acellular vaccine (DTaP)?.

A

Why did they switch from whole cell to acellular vaccine (DTaP)? Acellular is more specific and therefore less AE.

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7
Q

Which 2 letter in Tdap changes depenidng on quanittiy?

A

the D and p. aP vs ap

D larger dose is for kids
d is for adutls.

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8
Q

what are the 2 toxoid vaccines?

A

Diptheria and Tetanus

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9
Q

diptheria toxoid vaccien protects against _______ effects of toxin only, and _______ can still occur.

A

diptheria toxoid vaccien protects against systemic effects of toxin only, and carriage can still occur.

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10
Q

How many dose series is the:
- diptheria toxoid vaccien?
- tetatnus toxoid vaccieNe?
-pertussis vaccine?

A

3,3,2

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11
Q

Tetatnus vaccine provides protection for at least how many years?

A

10

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12
Q

What is the immunization schedule for Tdap?

A

Dtap as an infant, then (children over 7 shoudl get adult Tdap) Tdap in gr. 9 then every 10 years as an adult.

**All adults should receive one dose of Tdap vaccine if they have not previously received pertussis-containing vaccines in adulthood

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13
Q

Why is Tdap recommended in pregnancy?

  • Severe disease most in infants <__ mos. .
  • Rising ________of pertusssis in US, canada uk.
  • __________ activel transfereed through palcenta provide passive protection in first few months.
  • universal vaccination programs in pregnancy are ___% effective at preventin whooping
    cough in infant s <8 wks .
  • it’s _______ by NACI and SOGC.

Pub funded and Available through pharmacies?

A
  • Severe disease most in infants <2 mos. .
  • Rising incidence of pertusssis in US, canada uk.
  • Maternal abys activel transfereed through palcenta provide passive protection in first few months.
  • universal vaccination programs in pregnancy are 85% effective at preventin whooping
    cough in infant s <8 wks .
  • it’s recommended by NACI and SOGC.

Pub funded and Available through pharmacies.

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14
Q

Waht can multiple tetatnus shots cause? tetatnus shots shouldnt be given closer than how many years apart?

A

One situation we’re cautious with this vaccine:
If they’ve had arthrus rxn –> if you’ve had a ton of tetanus shots –> get hypersensitivity rxn in that area and get black ulcer leading to scar. Tetanus shots shouldn’t be given closer than ten years apart in these type pops.

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15
Q

polio transmissioN/

A

fecal oral –> think: SHIThole countries as trump would say –> Afghan and Pakistan

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16
Q

Does natural POLIO infection confer lifelong imunity?

A

Does natural POLIO infection confer lifelong imunity? Yes!

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17
Q

when was the LAST CASE OF PARALYTIC POLIO IN CANDA?

A

1989

18
Q

POLIO REMAINS endemic in waht 2 countries?

A

afghanistan and pakistan –> think the brown countries roast their meat on a POLE (Gyros).

19
Q

what is the gold standard for indnicating polio in the community?

A

what is the gold standard for indnicating polio in the community? wastewater monitoring

20
Q

Waht kind of adults shoudl get the polio vaccine as an adult? (2)

A

Adults:
* Prev unimmunized should get full series
- If travellign to afg or pakistan should get booster dose.

21
Q

Why is the H.infl type B vaccine important ?

A

Why is the H.infl type B vaccine important ? Cuz Hib common cause of bacterial meningitis.

22
Q

how Hinfl type B (Hib) transmitted?

Natural immunity ____ confer imunity but no guarantee.

  • is Hib vax indicated fro adults?
A

resp droplets or nasal or throat discharge . like coughing

Natural immunity May confer imunity but no guarantee.

Indciation:
- routine childhood vaccination. NO not indicated for adults

23
Q

How is Neisseria meningitidis transmitted?

A

resp droplets, close direct contact wiht mouth secretions.

24
Q

Meningitis Overall mortality: ___% (long-term sequelae include hearing loss, limb amputations, etc)

A

Overall mortality 10% (long-term sequelae include hearing loss, limb amputations, etc)

25
Q

5 serogroups (___?) cause nearly all invasive meningococcal diseases in Canada

A

5 serogroups (A, B, C, Y, and W135) cause nearly all invasive meningococcal diseases in Canada

26
Q

What are the 2 preps of the Meningococcal vaccine available?

A

there are only vaccines for serogroup B and C.

    • Monovalent conjugate vaccines (Men-C-C): MENJUGATE®, NeisVac-C®
  • Serogroup B meningococcal vaccines: BEXSERO®, Trumenba®
27
Q
  • either Men-C-C or Men-C-ACYW depending on local epidemiology, recommended routinely at ___ years of age
    and young adults, even if previously vaccinated as an infant
A
  • either Men-C-C or Men-C-ACYW depending on local epidemiology, recommended routinely at 12 years of age
    and young adults, even if previously vaccinated as an infant
28
Q

When would adults need the meningococcal vaccine?

  • Individuals at high risk – re-vaccinate with Men-C-ACYW every 3 to 5 years ( (military personal, outbreak (lister), travel to certain areas)
  • ________ to areas where meningococcal vaccine recommended or required
    *____________ personnel who remain at risk every 5 years
  • Community ______
A
  • Individuals at high risk – re-vaccinate with Men-C-ACYW every 3 to 5 years ( (military personal, outbreak (lister), travel to certain areas)
  • Travel to areas where meningococcal vaccine recommended or required
  • Military personnel who remain at risk every 5 years
  • Community outbreak
29
Q

Are there any NACI recommendations regarding men B vaccine?

A

nope!

30
Q

Waht kind of virus is ROTAVIRUS?

  • waht does it cause?
  • tranmsisison?
  • how contagious?
    • Most severe in what age group?
A

Non-enveloped virus (Reoviridae family)

  • Rotavirus is a contagious
    virus that can cause gastroenteritis (inflammation of
    the stomach and intestines)
  • fecal oral and fomites (ie/ not flushing toilet and toothbrush)
    –> Only takes small amount of virus, and highly infectious. Can have prolonged sheddding, even if they’re bettter, condtinue to shed in stool for long time.

Think: R for high R0 –> highly iNFECTIOUS/CONTAGIOUS!!

  • Think: ROTIs from indiia give you BAAD food poisoning and diarrhea (fecal oral).
    • Most severe in what age group? Kids < 5. after 5, most children have gotten rotavirus. This is a disease of kids <5 . Most severe in <2. by 3-5 yrs, most hcildren have gotten rotavirus.
31
Q

is rotavirus vax given to adutls?

  • waht si the roa of rotavirus vax?

Indicaitons:

  • Start immunization at ____wks. Do NOT start after ____ wks. Cuz want series to be completed by __ months.

Preterm:
* Always go by _______ age .

  • how safe is this vax?
  • what is the one concerning AE, but that is very RARE? Describe.
  • getting vaccinated at an _____ incr risk of intussusception hugely.
A

no! it’s a childhood only vax.

  • PO! {think: fecal–> OraL to remember mouth}

Indicaitons:

  • Start immunization at 6 wks. Do NOT start after 15 wks. Cuz want series to be completed by 8 months.

Preterm:
* Always go by chronological age .

  • how safe is this vax? Very safe!!!!
  • what is the one concerning AE, but that is very RARE? Describe.
    –> INTUSSUSCEPTION: when intestine folds back in on itself –> very rare!!!!
  • Older age incr risk of intussusception hugely. That’s why we don’t let ppl start it later.
32
Q

Deos natural measles infection confer lifelong immunity?

A

yes!

33
Q

Deos natural MUMPS infection confer lifelong immunity?

A

yes!

  • One dose is highly effective (100% with one dose) - only get two cuz it’s a combo.
34
Q

rubella aka ______

A

german measles

35
Q

In waht population are we most concerned about RUBELLA?

  • what syndorme can rubella cause in pregnacy?
A
  • TEEN AND ADULT, esp FEMALES:
    –> causes much ARTHRALGIAS AND ARTHRITIS. {think: RUBELLA –> rubber –> associated with teens!!!}
  • CONGENITAL RUBELLA SYNDROME (severe: causes hd, deafness, mental retardation etc).

think”: if you dont wear a rubber, you’ll become a teen pregnancy.

36
Q

Measels Vaccine Indication:

1) If born before 19___, presumed exposed to measles.

2) If after 1970, and havent had lab confirmed case or 2 doses MMR, waht do you do?.

A

Measels Vaccine Indication:

1) If born before 1970, presumed exposed to measles.

2) If after 1970, and havent had lab confirmed case or 2 doses MMR, give a dose!!! (imp for healthcare workers).

37
Q

wahta re the only 2 contraindiciatiosn to LIVE vaccines?

A

significanylu immunocompromised and pregnancy

38
Q

what isthe only contraindicaiton to any vaccien (live or other)?

A

known anaphylaxis.

39
Q

live vaccines cannot be given under what age?

A

under 12 mos.

40
Q
  • By grade 6, wanna make sure they have what 2 vacciens?

Grade 9:
- Wanna get final dose of ______ (final adult dose of 3) before regular 10 yr schedule.
Before uni, get __________ series completed.

A
  • By grade 6, wanna make sure they have what 2 vacciens? HepB** and HPV.

Grade 9:
- Wanna get final dose of dTAP (final adult dose of 3) before regular 10 yr schedule.
Before uni, get Meningococcal series completed.

41
Q

T or F: Most live-attenuated and inactivated vaccines are safe in breastfeeding
(except yellow fever)

A

true. Most live-attenuated and inactivated vaccines are safe in breastfeeding
(except yellow fever)

42
Q
  • All women screened prenatally for protection against waht 3 ifnections?
A
  • All women screened prenatally for protection against
  • Rubella –> rubella syndrom ein baby.
  • Varicella (history confirmed or test for IgG antibodies)
  • Hepatitis B (carrier status) since 1985 –> high risk in infants .

Pharm 446 Midterm #1 (7 decks)

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