Vaccinations Flashcards
Active immunization pathophys
Attenuated or inactivated bugs, or toxoids (like inactivated toxins) produces immune response
Live vaccine pathophys
Small quantities replicate until an immune response is mounted
1 vaccination produces long-term immunity
Toxoid/inactivated vaccine pathophys
Large quantities of antigen cause immune response
Often requires multiple doses for immunity
Passive immunization
immune globulins or antitoxins deliver preformed antibodies
Indications for passive immunizations
Protection immediately before anticipated exposure
Protection immediately after exposure when there has been inadequate/no active immunization
Can inactivated vaccines and toxoids be given at same time?
Yes
Can live and inactivated vaccines be given at the same time?
Yes
Can injected and intranasal vaccines be given at the same time?
No. Space 4w apart to avoid immune response interference to one
How long do you wait after injected/intranasal vaccine before giving oral vaccines
No wait is necessary
Passive and live vaccines?
Immune globulin (passive) interferes with live replication, so give live vaccines 2 weeks before or 3-11 months after passive vaccination
3 types of allergic rxn
Local-most frequently seen, least severe
Systemic- common, nonspecific symptoms (fever, myalgias, HA, loss of appetite)…may or may not be related to the vaccine
Allergic-least frequently seen and most severe. Caused by antigen vs vaccine component
Egg allergy (anaphylaxis)
influenza and yellow fever vaccinations contain egg protein
MMR is grown in chick embryo tissue culture, so much lower risk
Egg allergy (no anaphylaxis)
No anaphylaxis=no problem
Immunization schedules
From CDC
2 schedules: one based on age, and one based on risk factors
Immunocompromised persons
Expect diminished immune response
No live vaccinations EXCEPT for HIV (if CD4>200, these people get 2 MMR doses and 2 varicella doses)
If leukemia in remission AND chemo free for 3 months, live vaccines are safe
