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T3 - Rotations2 > Vaccination Schedule > Flashcards

Vaccination Schedule Flashcards

1
Q

How can a patient’s post-vaccination immune response be measured?

A

Antibody titers

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2
Q

Vaccination erradicated _________ in 1980.

Animal vaccination erradicated _________ in 2011.

A

Vaccination erradicated smallpox in 1980.

Animal vaccination erradicated Rinderpest in 2011.

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3
Q

Give an example of each of the following:

Passive natural immunization -

Passive artificial immunization -

Active natural immunization -

Active artificial immunization -

A

Give an example of each of the following:

Passive natural immunization - breastfeeding

Passive artificial immunization - administration of pre-made antibodies

Active natural immunization - infection

Active artificial immunization - vaccination

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4
Q

Passive artificial immunization is used in response to which infectious agents?

A

Tetanus, botulinum, HBV, diptheria, rabies.

(‘To be healed damn rapidly’)

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5
Q

Live vaccines are contraindicated in which patient populations?

A

Children < 9 mo. (the rotavirus is an exception), pregnant women, and immunodeficient patients

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6
Q

True/False.

Many live vaccine second doses are administered to catch any non-responders (not as boosters).

A

True.

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7
Q

Multiple live vaccines can be given simultaneously, but, if given at different times, they should be administered at least ____ weeks apart to avoid possible interference. (Note: They may be administered simultaneously with inactivated vaccines.)

A

Multiple live vaccines can be given simultaneously, but, if given at different times, they should be administered at least 4 weeks apart to avoid possible interference. (Note: They may be administered simultaneously with inactivated vaccines.)

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8
Q

HIV-positive individuals can be vaccinated with live attenuated vaccines (e.g., MMR and varicella) if their CD4 cell count is ≥ _____ cells/mm3.

A

HIV-positive individuals can be vaccinated with live attenuated vaccines (e.g., MMR and varicella) if their CD4 cell count is ≥ 200 cells/mm3.

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9
Q

_________ vaccine is given in its nonattenuated form to military recruits.

A

_Adenovirus_ vaccine is given in its nonattenuated form to military recruits.

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10
Q

Which are the live-attenuated vaccines?

“TYler And Paul Burnt their INFamous ROasted YELLOW-RUBy CHICKEN MEAt Very MUch”

A

TYphoid, Adenovirus, Polio, BCG, INFluenza, ROtavirus, YELLOW fever, RUBella, CHICKENpox, MEAsles, Varicella, and MUmps

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11
Q

Describe proper intramuscular vaccination administration.

A

Lightly pinch deltoid of relaxed patient arm;

insert needle at 90º to skin

(Quick and painless –> give the injection as if you were throwing a dart at a wall)

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12
Q

Name some of the inactivated vaccines.

A

COVID-19

Hepatitis A

Influenza (most)

Typhoid

Pertussis

Rabies

Polio (Salk)

Plague

Cholera

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13
Q

The immune response to inactivated vaccines is mostly _________.

A

The immune response to inactivated vaccines is mostly humoral.

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14
Q

Approximately ______ of patients will develop a mild reaction to a live vaccination.

A

Approximately 1/3 of patients will develop a mild reaction to a live vaccination.

(Could be swelling at the injection site, fever, headaches, fatigue, flu-like symptoms; typically begins 2-3 days following vaccination and lasts 1-2 days)

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15
Q

True/False.

Live-attenuated vaccines sometimes cause a mild form of the disease.

A

True.

Live-attenuated vaccines sometimes cause a mild form of the disease, usually appearing with 1 - 3 weeks of administration.

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16
Q

The risk of serious adverse reaction (with permanent effects) following vaccine administration is ~______________.

A

The risk of serious adverse reaction (with permanent effects) following vaccine administration is ~ 1 / 1,000,000 .

17
Q

What are some general contraindications to live vaccines for healthy patients?

A
  • Previous life-threatening adverse reaction to vaccination
  • Severe allergy to some vaccine component
  • Acute illness with fever > 101.3ºF
18
Q

Name some common false contraindications to live vaccine administration.

(I.e., people think these things are contraindications, but they aren’t.)

A

Low-grade fever

Current or recent illness

Current or recent antibiotic use (oral typhoid is the exception)

Current or recent steroid use

Adjustment according to weight

19
Q

Should preterm infants be vaccinated according to gestational age or post-partum chronological age?

A

Chronological age

20
Q

Should vaccine dosages be adjusted for child weights or heights or both or neither?

A

Neither

21
Q

What vaccinations are relevant to a newborn?

A

Hepatitis B

(if the neonate is >2 Kg)

22
Q

What vaccinations are relevant to an infant four weeks following birth?

A

Hepatitis B (2nd dose)

(if the neonate is >2 Kg)

23
Q

What vaccinations are relevant to an infant six weeks following birth?

A

Rotavirus

Poliovirus (inactivated)

DTaP

24
Q

What vaccinations are relevant to an infant eight weeks following birth?

A

Hemophilus influenza type B

Pneumococcal conjugate 13

25
Q

What vaccinations are relevant to an infant four months following birth?

A

DTaP (2nd dose)

Rotavirus (2nd dose)

Poliovirus (2nd dose; inactivated)

Hemophilus influenza type B (2nd dose)

Pneumococcal conjugate 13 (2nd dose)

26
Q

When do infants/children first become eligible for the influenza vaccine?

A

Six months

27
Q

What vaccinations are relevant to an infant six months following birth?

A

Hepatitis B (3rd dose)

DTaP (3rd dose)

Rotavirus (3rd dose)

Poliovirus (3rd dose; inactivated)

Hemophilus influenza type B (3rd dose)

Pneumococcal conjugate 13 (3rd dose)

Influenza virus (yearly after this)

28
Q

What vaccinations are relevant to an infant one year following birth?

A

Hemophilus influenza type B (4th shot; booster shot)

Pneumococcal conjugate 13 (4th shot)

Hepatitis A (1st dose — 2nd dose after 6-18 months)

MMR (1st dose)

Varicella (1st dose)

29
Q

What vaccinations are relevant to a four-year-old child?

A

DTaP (5th dose)

Poliovirus (4th dose; inactivated)

MMR (2nd dose)

Varicella (2nd dose)

30
Q

What vaccinations are relevant to an eleven-year-old child?

A

TDaP (booster shot)

HPV (2-dose series)

Meningococcal conjugate (1st dose)

31
Q

What vaccinations are relevant to a sixteen-year-old child?

A

Meningococcal conjugate (booster shot)

32
Q

When are pneumococcal polysaccharide 23 and/or meningococcal vaccines recommended for pediatric patients?

A

In high-risk individuals

33
Q

Describe the vaccination recommendations for low-risk, healthy adults between the ages of 18 and 49.

A

TDaP boosters every 10 years

Annual influenza vaccine

Catch-up HPV vaccination in adults < 26 years old

34
Q

Describe the vaccination recommendations for low-risk, healthy adults 50 years and over.

A

Zoster virus in adults ≥50 years

Pneumococcal polysaccharide 23 in adults ≥65 years

35
Q

What mnemonic can be used to remember the major vaccines in the childhood schedule?

A

I’m HHating PeDs Immunization/Vaccination MmeHMorizing.

The childhood immunization schedule includes:

HepB 0, 2, 6

Hib 2, 4, 6, 12–15

Pneumo 2, 4, 6, 12–15

DTaP 2, 4, 6, 15–18, 4–6 years; Td 10 years

IPV 2, 4, 6, 4–6 years; Varicella 12–15, 4–6 years

MMR 12–15, 4–6 years

HepA 2 years

Meningococcus 11–12 years.

36
Q

How long does immunity typically last following hepatitis B vaccination?

How long does immunity typically last following TDaP vaccination?

How long does immunity typically last following rotavirus vaccination?

A

≥ 20 years

~ 10 years

≤ 3 years

37
Q

How long does immunity typically last following meningococcal conjugate vaccination?

How long does immunity typically last following varicella vaccination?

How long does immunity typically last following hepatitis A vaccination?

A

5 years

10-20 years

25 years (slightly less in children)

38
Q

Name some of the major vaccinations to be considered (depending on location) in patients who are travelling internationally?

A

Japanese encephalitis

Yellow fever

Rabies

Typhoid and paratyphoid

Meningococcal conjugate

39
Q

What vaccinations are indicated in pregnant women?

A

TDaP

Influenza

T3 - Rotations2 (5 decks)

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