Vaccination Schedule Flashcards
How can a patient’s post-vaccination immune response be measured?
Antibody titers
Vaccination erradicated _________ in 1980.
Animal vaccination erradicated _________ in 2011.
Vaccination erradicated smallpox in 1980.
Animal vaccination erradicated Rinderpest in 2011.
Give an example of each of the following:
Passive natural immunization -
Passive artificial immunization -
Active natural immunization -
Active artificial immunization -
Give an example of each of the following:
Passive natural immunization - breastfeeding
Passive artificial immunization - administration of pre-made antibodies
Active natural immunization - infection
Active artificial immunization - vaccination
Passive artificial immunization is used in response to which infectious agents?
Tetanus, botulinum, HBV, diptheria, rabies.
(‘To be healed damn rapidly’)
Live vaccines are contraindicated in which patient populations?
Children < 9 mo. (the rotavirus is an exception), pregnant women, and immunodeficient patients
True/False.
Many live vaccine second doses are administered to catch any non-responders (not as boosters).
True.
Multiple live vaccines can be given simultaneously, but, if given at different times, they should be administered at least ____ weeks apart to avoid possible interference. (Note: They may be administered simultaneously with inactivated vaccines.)
Multiple live vaccines can be given simultaneously, but, if given at different times, they should be administered at least 4 weeks apart to avoid possible interference. (Note: They may be administered simultaneously with inactivated vaccines.)
HIV-positive individuals can be vaccinated with live attenuated vaccines (e.g., MMR and varicella) if their CD4 cell count is ≥ _____ cells/mm3.
HIV-positive individuals can be vaccinated with live attenuated vaccines (e.g., MMR and varicella) if their CD4 cell count is ≥ 200 cells/mm3.
_________ vaccine is given in its nonattenuated form to military recruits.
_Adenovirus_ vaccine is given in its nonattenuated form to military recruits.
Which are the live-attenuated vaccines?
“TYler And Paul Burnt their INFamous ROasted YELLOW-RUBy CHICKEN MEAt Very MUch”
TYphoid, Adenovirus, Polio, BCG, INFluenza, ROtavirus, YELLOW fever, RUBella, CHICKENpox, MEAsles, Varicella, and MUmps
Describe proper intramuscular vaccination administration.
Lightly pinch deltoid of relaxed patient arm;
insert needle at 90º to skin
(Quick and painless –> give the injection as if you were throwing a dart at a wall)
Name some of the inactivated vaccines.
COVID-19
Hepatitis A
Influenza (most)
Typhoid
Pertussis
Rabies
Polio (Salk)
Plague
Cholera
The immune response to inactivated vaccines is mostly _________.
The immune response to inactivated vaccines is mostly humoral.
Approximately ______ of patients will develop a mild reaction to a live vaccination.
Approximately 1/3 of patients will develop a mild reaction to a live vaccination.
(Could be swelling at the injection site, fever, headaches, fatigue, flu-like symptoms; typically begins 2-3 days following vaccination and lasts 1-2 days)
True/False.
Live-attenuated vaccines sometimes cause a mild form of the disease.
True.
Live-attenuated vaccines sometimes cause a mild form of the disease, usually appearing with 1 - 3 weeks of administration.
The risk of serious adverse reaction (with permanent effects) following vaccine administration is ~______________.
The risk of serious adverse reaction (with permanent effects) following vaccine administration is ~ 1 / 1,000,000 .
What are some general contraindications to live vaccines for healthy patients?
- Previous life-threatening adverse reaction to vaccination
- Severe allergy to some vaccine component
- Acute illness with fever > 101.3ºF
Name some common false contraindications to live vaccine administration.
(I.e., people think these things are contraindications, but they aren’t.)
Low-grade fever
Current or recent illness
Current or recent antibiotic use (oral typhoid is the exception)
Current or recent steroid use
Adjustment according to weight
Should preterm infants be vaccinated according to gestational age or post-partum chronological age?
Chronological age
Should vaccine dosages be adjusted for child weights or heights or both or neither?
Neither
What vaccinations are relevant to a newborn?
Hepatitis B
(if the neonate is >2 Kg)
What vaccinations are relevant to an infant four weeks following birth?
Hepatitis B (2nd dose)
(if the neonate is >2 Kg)
What vaccinations are relevant to an infant six weeks following birth?
Rotavirus
Poliovirus (inactivated)
DTaP
What vaccinations are relevant to an infant eight weeks following birth?
Hemophilus influenza type B
Pneumococcal conjugate 13
What vaccinations are relevant to an infant four months following birth?
DTaP (2nd dose)
Rotavirus (2nd dose)
Poliovirus (2nd dose; inactivated)
Hemophilus influenza type B (2nd dose)
Pneumococcal conjugate 13 (2nd dose)
When do infants/children first become eligible for the influenza vaccine?
Six months
What vaccinations are relevant to an infant six months following birth?
Hepatitis B (3rd dose)
DTaP (3rd dose)
Rotavirus (3rd dose)
Poliovirus (3rd dose; inactivated)
Hemophilus influenza type B (3rd dose)
Pneumococcal conjugate 13 (3rd dose)
Influenza virus (yearly after this)
What vaccinations are relevant to an infant one year following birth?
Hemophilus influenza type B (4th shot; booster shot)
Pneumococcal conjugate 13 (4th shot)
Hepatitis A (1st dose — 2nd dose after 6-18 months)
MMR (1st dose)
Varicella (1st dose)
What vaccinations are relevant to a four-year-old child?
DTaP (5th dose)
Poliovirus (4th dose; inactivated)
MMR (2nd dose)
Varicella (2nd dose)
What vaccinations are relevant to an eleven-year-old child?
TDaP (booster shot)
HPV (2-dose series)
Meningococcal conjugate (1st dose)
What vaccinations are relevant to a sixteen-year-old child?
Meningococcal conjugate (booster shot)
When are pneumococcal polysaccharide 23 and/or meningococcal vaccines recommended for pediatric patients?
In high-risk individuals
Describe the vaccination recommendations for low-risk, healthy adults between the ages of 18 and 49.
TDaP boosters every 10 years
Annual influenza vaccine
Catch-up HPV vaccination in adults < 26 years old
Describe the vaccination recommendations for low-risk, healthy adults 50 years and over.
Zoster virus in adults ≥50 years
Pneumococcal polysaccharide 23 in adults ≥65 years
What mnemonic can be used to remember the major vaccines in the childhood schedule?
I’m HHating PeDs Immunization/Vaccination MmeHMorizing.
The childhood immunization schedule includes:
HepB 0, 2, 6
Hib 2, 4, 6, 12–15
Pneumo 2, 4, 6, 12–15
DTaP 2, 4, 6, 15–18, 4–6 years; Td 10 years
IPV 2, 4, 6, 4–6 years; Varicella 12–15, 4–6 years
MMR 12–15, 4–6 years
HepA 2 years
Meningococcus 11–12 years.
How long does immunity typically last following hepatitis B vaccination?
How long does immunity typically last following TDaP vaccination?
How long does immunity typically last following rotavirus vaccination?
≥ 20 years
~ 10 years
≤ 3 years
How long does immunity typically last following meningococcal conjugate vaccination?
How long does immunity typically last following varicella vaccination?
How long does immunity typically last following hepatitis A vaccination?
5 years
10-20 years
25 years (slightly less in children)
Name some of the major vaccinations to be considered (depending on location) in patients who are travelling internationally?
Japanese encephalitis
Yellow fever
Rabies
Typhoid and paratyphoid
Meningococcal conjugate
What vaccinations are indicated in pregnant women?
TDaP
Influenza
