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B9W3 > VACCINATION AND THE PUBLIC HEALTH > Flashcards

VACCINATION AND THE PUBLIC HEALTH Flashcards

1
Q

What does the Preston curve show?

A

the relationship between life expectancy and capita income (shows that richer countries are associated with longer life expectancy)

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2
Q

What was the first vaccine ever made for? when was this?

A

the smallpox vaccine

1796

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3
Q

What was the first vaccine ever made for? when was this?

A

the smallpox vaccine

1796

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4
Q

what is the expanded programme of immunisation?

A

A project made in 1977 with the goal to make immunization against diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus, poliomyelitis, measles and tuberculosis available to every child in the world by 1990.

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5
Q

what is the level of immunity needed to provide herd immunity normally?

A

70-90%

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6
Q

what is the ‘green book’?

A

the immunisation in infectious disease book

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6
Q

what is the ‘green book’?

A

the immunisation in infectious disease book

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6
Q

what is the ‘green book’?

A

the immunisation in infectious disease book

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7
Q

what vaccines should adults get?

A

those over 65 should get the pneumococcal vaccine and the flu vaccine (flu every year)
those 70 or over should get the shingles vaccine

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8
Q

what vaccines should babies get?

A

at 8 weeks - 6-in-1 vaccine, rotavirus and MenB
at 12 weeks- 6-in-1, rotavirus and pneumococcus
at 16 weeks- 6-in-1 3rd dose, MenB 2nd dose

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9
Q

what vaccines should a child get at age 1?

A

Hib. MenC, MMR, pneumococcal 2nd dose and menB 3rd dose

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10
Q

what vaccine should a child get at 3 years and 4 months?

A

MMR 2nd dose and 4-in-1 preschool booster

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11
Q

what vaccine do you get between 12 and 13 years of age?

A

HPV

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12
Q

what is in the immunisations against infectious disease book?

A

the latest information on vaccines and vaccination procedures, for vaccine preventable infectious diseases in the UK.

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13
Q

who moniters vaccines for side effects?

A

MHRA

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14
Q

what are controlled human infection models?

A

when an infection is deliberately given to humans to test therapies e.g. leishmania

15
Q

what is virulence?

A

a measure of the likelihood of causing disease

16
Q

what are virulence factors?

A

properties of a microbe that allow spread

17
Q

what is the basic reproductive number R0?

A

the number of cases each particular case generates

18
Q

what are vectors?

A

animals or microbes that transmit pathogens to another organism

19
Q

what is a host?

A

an organism that harbours an infectious pathogen

20
Q

what is a zoonosis?

A

any disease which can naturally be transmitted to humans from non-human animals

21
Q

whats a fomite?`

A

inanimate objects that can carry and spread diseases

22
Q

what is herd immunity?

A

when a large portion of a community becomes immune to a disease, making the spread of disease from person to person unlikely

23
Q

what are the aims of vaccines?

A

reduce the number of infections, to interrupt transmission to humans, to generate herd immunity and to prevent outbreaks and epidemics

24
Q

what is R0 proportionate to?

A

the length of time that case remains, th number of contacts a case has with susceptible hosts per unit time, the chance of transmitting the infection during an encounter with a susceptible host

25
Q

what is the effective reproduction rate R?

how do you calculate it?

A

the average number of secondary infections produced by a typical infective agent in a totally susceptible population
R0 x the proportion susceptible

26
Q

how do you work out the herd immunity threshold?

A

H= 1 - proportion susceptible

27
Q

what does R=1 mean

A

this is the epidemic threshold

28
Q

what does R<1 mean?

A

the number of cases will decrease

29
Q

what does R>1 mean?

A

the number of cases will increase

30
Q

whats the role of WHO in vaccinations?

A

making reccomendations on vaccine policy
support less able contries with vaccination strategy implementation
work through international health regulations to ensure maximum security against international spread of disease

B9W3 (12 decks)

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