Vaccination And Immunity Flashcards
What is meant by “immunity” ?
The ability for an organism to resist infection
What are the to the two types of immunity?
- Active
- Passive
What is active immunity?
When the immune system makes its own antibodies, after being stimulated by an antigen
What is NATURAL active immunity?
When an organism becomes immune after catching disease, symptoms are experienced
What is ARTIFICIAL active immunity?
When an organism becomes immune due to vaccination, no symptoms
What is passive immunity?
When an organism is given antibodies which has already been produced by another organism
What is NATURAL passive immunity? (Example of babies)
When organisms (babies) gain immunity due to antibodies being passed into the bloodstream when they receive antibodies from their mother, via placenta and/or breast milk
What is ARTIFICIAL passive immunity?
When antibodies are taken from another organism
What are the features of active immunity? - 4 points
- involves memory cells
- involves antibody production by plasma and memory cells
- long term - antibody is produces in response to the antigen
- takes time to work/develop
What are the features of passive immunity? - 4 points
- doesn’t involve memory cells
- involves antibodies introduced from outside body
- short term - antibody can break down
- fast acting
What is a vaccination?
A dose of a pathogen which causes the immune system to react
What does a vaccine contain? - 2 points
- a weakened (attenuated) form of a pathogen
- modified toxins
What are the two types of vaccines?
Oral
Injection
What are the disadvantages of oral vaccines? - 2 points
- enzymes in the gut could break down the vaccine
- it could be too large to be absorbed into the bloodstream
