Vaccination Flashcards
What are the vaccine formulation types?
- Attenuated (live, modified live, live attenuated)
- Inactivated (killed)
- Recombinant (small piece of DNA taken from pathogen)
- Toxoid
What are core vaccines vs. lifestyle vaccines?
Core: recommended for ALL patients, regardless of potential exposure
Lifestyle/Non-Core: given based on patient’s location and risk of exposure
What are the core canine vaccines?
- Rabies
- DAPP (distemper, adenovirus, parvovirus, +/-parainfluenza)
Canine distemper virus signs/symptoms
Systemic, respiratory and GI symptoms initially, followed by neurologic signs. Variable prognosis with supportive care.
Adenovirus (AKA canine infectious hepatitis) signs/symptoms
Fever, vasculitis, hepatitis, coagulopathy, uveitis, glomerulonephritis. Most dogs recover with supportive care.
Parvovirus signs/symptoms
Anorexia, vomiting, diarrhea is young unvaccinated dogs. Most dogs recover with supportive care.
Parainfluenza signs/symptoms
HONKING cough. usually self-limiting.
*Parainfluenza vaccine is not technically core but is included in the DAPP series :)
Leptospirosis (which serovar effects dogs? How is it transmitted? Tx?)
- Nonspecific symptoms.
- Over 250 serovars of L. interrogans which are specific to each species. The dog serovar is “canicola”.
- ZOONOTIC
- Not technically core, but all dogs should be vaccinated
- Spread via urine contact with mucous membranes
- Tx involves supportive care + antibiotics
Rabies
- Leads to acute behavior changes and progressive paralysis
- Travels up peripheral nerves to the brain
- ZOONOTIC
- Fatal once clinical signs appear
Lyme Diseae (signs/symptoms, who should receive the vaccine, biological agent that causes lyme)
- Intermittent lameness, fever, inappetence, enlarged LNs
- Borrelia burgdorferi spread via tick
- Good tick prevention!
- Recommended for dogs that spend time in wooded areas
Bordetella “Kennel Cough”
- Honking cough, fever, nasal discharge, pneumonia
- Bordetella bronchiseptica
- Recommended for dogs with close contact with others (vet hospitals, kennels, daycare, boarding, shows)
Feline core vaccines
- Rabies
- FVRCP (feline viral rhinotracheitis, calicivirus, panleukopenia)
- Feline leukemia if < 1 year old
Herpesvirus- 1 “feline viral rhinotracheitis”
- Sneezing, conjunctivitis, oculonasal discharge, fever,
- Self- limiting (can consider antivirals or antibiotics for secondary infections)
- “herpes for forever” chronic sinusitis, keep stress low to prevent recurrence
Calicivirus (how do we distinguish from FHV-1?)
- Sneezing, conjunctivitis, oculonasal discharge, ORAL ULCERATIONS limited to oral cavity, fever
- Distinguished between FHV-1 by the presence of oral ulcerations.
Panleukopenia “feline parvovirus)
- Mainly subclinical, diarrhea, vomiting, severe dehydration
- highly contagious, often fatal
- Tx with aggressive fluid therapy and electrolytes
Feline leukemia FeLV (who should be vaccinated?)
- Core for cats < 1 year of age
- Cats who are indoor/outdoor, have a outdoor housemate, or have a FeLV + housemate
Chlamydia
- Sneezing, fever, conjunctivitis
- Mainly used in shelter environments
Bordetella (feline) Vaccine
- Bordetella bronchiseptica
- Mainly used in shelter environments
How long is a vaccine good after reconstitution?
How much do I need to administer at minimum?
How are vaccines stored?
1 Hour
75%
Refrigerate
Treating vaccine reactions
- For anaphylactic reaction, give diphenhydramine +/- steroids
- For inflammation, treat with ice +/- NSAID
- May need to administer 1-2 vaccines at a time for these animals
Canine vaccine locations
RF- DAPP
RH- rabies
LF- lepto, influenza
LH- lyme
Nasal- bordetella
Feline vaccine locations
RF- FVRCP
RH- rabies
LH- FeLV
What infectious disease causes shifting/intermittent lameness in dogs and why?
LYME - acute disease infects joints and leads to shifting lameness
