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Primary care > Vaccination > Flashcards

Vaccination Flashcards

1
Q

Which type of vaccine confers a more robust immunity?

A

Attenuated/ live > killed / inactivated

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2
Q

What 3 precautions must you take when administering a live vaccine?

A
  1. Should not be given to pregnant bitches or queens - May revert to virulence , cause issues
  2. May revert `to virulence
  3. Becareful not to aerosolise`
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3
Q

Can non-infectious vaccines cause pathology

A

No, as they can’t revert to virulence. antigenically intact virus or organism

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4
Q

How many doses for 1. Live vaccine vs 2. Killed

A

Once vs multiple. Live must be administered in the absence of MDA

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5
Q

How do you address O’s concern about vaccines

A
  1. Rxns do occur, and may be severe. Look out for malaise, fever, inappetance, vomiting and diarrhoea or any other signs of localised or generalsied anaphylaxis (facial oedema, periorbital swelling etc)
  2. They have been linked to immune mediated dss like IMHA, ITP
  3. Rabies, FeLV and FIV implicated in the cause of FISS
  4. Report all adverse rxns
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6
Q

Dog core vaccines

A

Canine distemper
Canine adenovirus
Canine parvovirus 2
+/- Rabies

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7
Q

Cat core vaccines

A

Feline parvovirus
Feline calicivirus
Feline herpes virus 1
+/- Rabies

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8
Q

Optional vaccines

A

Dogs: Bordetella bronchiseptica, parainfluenza virus, leptospirosis and Borrelia (Lyme dss)
Cats: Feline leuk, chlamydophilia felis and FIV

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9
Q

New cat O wants to vaccinate their cat agaist FIP. Cat is 5 months old and has recent been adopted from the SKRRETZ. vax or no

A

No: will only protect cats who are coronavirus Ab negative. This cat has most likely been exposed in the rescue or in the streets. It is also older than 16 w

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10
Q

Dog O has just found out that dogs can get cornoavirus too. They are freaked and want a vax. Yes or No

A

Canine corona: disease is subclinical, mild or self limting

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11
Q

Vax for giardia?

A

No. not effective. practice prevention

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12
Q

New puppy owner wants to know why they have to come back so often for vaccines. (Describe the regime)

A

MDA pup receives from colostrum and placenta helps protect pup against diseases but also interferes with vaccine. MDA kills live vaccine = useless. MDA will breakdown approx 8-20 weeks time naturally, but this differs from pup to pup, so first dose 6-8 weeks of age will provide some coverage in the face of waning MDA, while 2nd dose at 10-12 weeks and 3rd dose 14-16 weeks will ensure vaccine is stimulating pup’s immune system without intererence from Mum’s antibodies.
Current VGG: last vax at 16 weeks though some products are licensed as early finish

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13
Q

Titre testing - What can you test?

Which part of the immune system does it test?

A

Parvo, distemper (both can be in house) and adenovirus via uk labs
tests for seroconversion
Can ID vax fail
Humoral defence

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14
Q

What causes vax failure

A
  1. MDA
  2. Improper vaccine handling and administration
  3. Vaccine is poorly immunogenic
  4. Host factors - poor repsonse
  5. Insufficient time to develop immunity post exposure (5-12 days to show CS)
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15
Q

When to boost core vax

A

12 or 15 months originally, but now recommended at 6 months to capture non responders
VGG reccomends 3 yearly

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16
Q

Non core vaccines

A

Yearly, or as necessary

17
Q

Canine kennel cough ( canine infectious respiratory disease) describe the two main types

  • Route
  • What organisms
  • How does it work
  • How often to administer
A
  1. Infectious route
    - Intranasally: bordetella and parainfluenza. 6 monthly use
    - Intraoral: Bordetella
    - One dose confers humorla and cellular immunity in 3 days
    Infectious (mod live) and Inactivated do not confer complete immunity. Aim to prevent rather than protect against infection. reduces severity of CS
  2. Non infectious
    - 2 doses 1 month apart, then always parenteral (SC)
    - Yearly booster
    - Immunity not as robust but will not revert to virulence
18
Q

Tetanus vaccine to dogs in WA, is it prevalent??

A

Off label use equine tetanus vaccine. more commonly seen than distemper or adenovirus in WA
- Particularly working dogs

19
Q
  1. What is the principle behind cat vax (keep in mind FISS)

2. O asks: does cat flu vax prevent my cat from getting cat flu

A

Herd immunity- vax as many cats poss but dont vaccinate with every single vax availabe due to FISS - esp with non core vaccines.
Cat flu vaccine aims to prevent disease rather than infection so reduction of clinical signs only

20
Q

What are the core vaccines for cats and is the regime for kittens the same as puppies?

A

Feline panleukopenia
Feline herpes
Feline calicivirus
Yes remeber MDA

21
Q

What is the DOI in F3 and can you do titre testing?

A

research suggests at least 3 y, yes can do titres for all 3 core. It’s useful for FPV as correlation between antibodies and resistance to infection. Less so for FHV and FCV due to variation in strains.

22
Q

Can you use an extended DOI regime

A

technically yes but its off label so exercise caution and get informed consent

23
Q

FeLV

  • Type
  • Frequency
  • Risk
  • Who needs it
A

Inactivated
2 boosters 3 weeks apart for kitten older than 9 weeks, then yearly
Risk: FISS and thrombocytopenia
Only cats at risk: sociable and fighters

24
Q

FIV - what type in AU

A

Subtype A. B found in Eu and US

25
Q

IS FIV recommended for a colony of rescue cats

A

Yes. balance risk with adverse rxn

26
Q

Why is chlamydia not recommended

In which case might you consider using it?

A

Adverse effects: 30 % fever, inappertance and URTI CS
DSS easily treated with doxycycline.
MAY be considered in cattery situation prior to introducing new cat

27
Q

FIP yes no

A

Not effective.

VAx against coronavirus, host factors will determine if FIP develops

28
Q

What’s in C7

A 
Canine distemper
Adenovirus
Parvo 2
Bordetella bronchiseptica
Parainfluenza virus and borrelia (lyme)
29
Q

Scenario: What is your vaccine protocol for a puppy entering a shelter in the midst of a parvo outbreak

A

Vaccine: CDV, CAV2 and CPV2 Ideally 6 weeks, but can be as early as 4 weeks, repeat every 2 weeks until 20 weeks if animal still in facility (WSAVA guidelines)

30
Q

Can you administer an intranasal or oral vaccine be administered parenterally?

A

NO!! death

31
Q

WHat’s the best route to admin BB in a shelter setting

A

mucosal

32
Q

In the midst of a bordetella bronchiseptica outbreak in a kennel, what’s ur vax protocol for pup

A

BB as early as 3 weeks, but ideally another dose if given <6 weeks again after 6 weeks

Primary care (1 decks)

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