Vaccination Flashcards
Which type of vaccine confers a more robust immunity?
Attenuated/ live > killed / inactivated
What 3 precautions must you take when administering a live vaccine?
- Should not be given to pregnant bitches or queens - May revert to virulence , cause issues
- May revert `to virulence
- Becareful not to aerosolise`
Can non-infectious vaccines cause pathology
No, as they can’t revert to virulence. antigenically intact virus or organism
How many doses for 1. Live vaccine vs 2. Killed
Once vs multiple. Live must be administered in the absence of MDA
How do you address O’s concern about vaccines
- Rxns do occur, and may be severe. Look out for malaise, fever, inappetance, vomiting and diarrhoea or any other signs of localised or generalsied anaphylaxis (facial oedema, periorbital swelling etc)
- They have been linked to immune mediated dss like IMHA, ITP
- Rabies, FeLV and FIV implicated in the cause of FISS
- Report all adverse rxns
Dog core vaccines
Canine distemper
Canine adenovirus
Canine parvovirus 2
+/- Rabies
Cat core vaccines
Feline parvovirus
Feline calicivirus
Feline herpes virus 1
+/- Rabies
Optional vaccines
Dogs: Bordetella bronchiseptica, parainfluenza virus, leptospirosis and Borrelia (Lyme dss)
Cats: Feline leuk, chlamydophilia felis and FIV
New cat O wants to vaccinate their cat agaist FIP. Cat is 5 months old and has recent been adopted from the SKRRETZ. vax or no
No: will only protect cats who are coronavirus Ab negative. This cat has most likely been exposed in the rescue or in the streets. It is also older than 16 w
Dog O has just found out that dogs can get cornoavirus too. They are freaked and want a vax. Yes or No
Canine corona: disease is subclinical, mild or self limting
Vax for giardia?
No. not effective. practice prevention
New puppy owner wants to know why they have to come back so often for vaccines. (Describe the regime)
MDA pup receives from colostrum and placenta helps protect pup against diseases but also interferes with vaccine. MDA kills live vaccine = useless. MDA will breakdown approx 8-20 weeks time naturally, but this differs from pup to pup, so first dose 6-8 weeks of age will provide some coverage in the face of waning MDA, while 2nd dose at 10-12 weeks and 3rd dose 14-16 weeks will ensure vaccine is stimulating pup’s immune system without intererence from Mum’s antibodies.
Current VGG: last vax at 16 weeks though some products are licensed as early finish
Titre testing - What can you test?
Which part of the immune system does it test?
Parvo, distemper (both can be in house) and adenovirus via uk labs
tests for seroconversion
Can ID vax fail
Humoral defence
What causes vax failure
- MDA
- Improper vaccine handling and administration
- Vaccine is poorly immunogenic
- Host factors - poor repsonse
- Insufficient time to develop immunity post exposure (5-12 days to show CS)
When to boost core vax
12 or 15 months originally, but now recommended at 6 months to capture non responders
VGG reccomends 3 yearly
Non core vaccines
Yearly, or as necessary
Canine kennel cough ( canine infectious respiratory disease) describe the two main types
- Route
- What organisms
- How does it work
- How often to administer
- Infectious route
- Intranasally: bordetella and parainfluenza. 6 monthly use
- Intraoral: Bordetella
- One dose confers humorla and cellular immunity in 3 days
Infectious (mod live) and Inactivated do not confer complete immunity. Aim to prevent rather than protect against infection. reduces severity of CS - Non infectious
- 2 doses 1 month apart, then always parenteral (SC)
- Yearly booster
- Immunity not as robust but will not revert to virulence
Tetanus vaccine to dogs in WA, is it prevalent??
Off label use equine tetanus vaccine. more commonly seen than distemper or adenovirus in WA
- Particularly working dogs
- What is the principle behind cat vax (keep in mind FISS)
2. O asks: does cat flu vax prevent my cat from getting cat flu
Herd immunity- vax as many cats poss but dont vaccinate with every single vax availabe due to FISS - esp with non core vaccines.
Cat flu vaccine aims to prevent disease rather than infection so reduction of clinical signs only
What are the core vaccines for cats and is the regime for kittens the same as puppies?
Feline panleukopenia
Feline herpes
Feline calicivirus
Yes remeber MDA
What is the DOI in F3 and can you do titre testing?
research suggests at least 3 y, yes can do titres for all 3 core. It’s useful for FPV as correlation between antibodies and resistance to infection. Less so for FHV and FCV due to variation in strains.
Can you use an extended DOI regime
technically yes but its off label so exercise caution and get informed consent
FeLV
- Type
- Frequency
- Risk
- Who needs it
Inactivated
2 boosters 3 weeks apart for kitten older than 9 weeks, then yearly
Risk: FISS and thrombocytopenia
Only cats at risk: sociable and fighters
FIV - what type in AU
Subtype A. B found in Eu and US
IS FIV recommended for a colony of rescue cats
Yes. balance risk with adverse rxn
Why is chlamydia not recommended
In which case might you consider using it?
Adverse effects: 30 % fever, inappertance and URTI CS
DSS easily treated with doxycycline.
MAY be considered in cattery situation prior to introducing new cat
FIP yes no
Not effective.
VAx against coronavirus, host factors will determine if FIP develops
What’s in C7
Canine distemper Adenovirus Parvo 2 Bordetella bronchiseptica Parainfluenza virus and borrelia (lyme)
Scenario: What is your vaccine protocol for a puppy entering a shelter in the midst of a parvo outbreak
Vaccine: CDV, CAV2 and CPV2 Ideally 6 weeks, but can be as early as 4 weeks, repeat every 2 weeks until 20 weeks if animal still in facility (WSAVA guidelines)
Can you administer an intranasal or oral vaccine be administered parenterally?
NO!! death
WHat’s the best route to admin BB in a shelter setting
mucosal
In the midst of a bordetella bronchiseptica outbreak in a kennel, what’s ur vax protocol for pup
BB as early as 3 weeks, but ideally another dose if given <6 weeks again after 6 weeks
