V-Speeds and Emergencies Flashcards
VY
88 KIAS
Best rate of climb speed
Vxse
82 KIAS
Best angle of climb speed with one engine inoperative
Vyse
88 KIAS
Best rate of climb speed with one engine inoperative
Vsse
82 KIAS
Safe speed for intentional engine failure
Vso
56 KIAS
Stall speed in the landing configuration
Vmc
57 KIAS
Minimum Control speed (Directional Control)
Vs
60 KIAS
Stall speed in the clean configuration
Vr
75 KIAS
Rotation Speed
Vfe
111 KIAS
Full flaps extended speed
Vlo (retract)
109 KIAS
Vlo (extend)
Gear extension operating speed
140 KIAS
Vle
140
Landing gear extended speed
Vno
169 KIAS
Maximum structural cruising speed (smooth air)
Vne
202 KIAS
Never exceed speed
Va
135 KIAS @ 3800 lbs.
112 KIAS @ 2700 lbs.
Maneuvering speed (1 flight control, 1 direction)
Max Demonstrated X-wind
17 knots
Single Engine Approach speed
90 KIAS
Flaps 25
Zero Thrust Setting
2000 rpm and 13-15 inches manifold pressure
MRA for Vmc demo
Above 3,000 AGL
3 Results of an engine failure
Roll
Yaw
Pitch Down
How much performance is lost with an engine failure?
80%
What is the FAR that explains Vmc?
FAR 23.149
What is Vmc?
The calibrated airspeed at which when the critical engine is made inoperative it is possible to maintain directional control with the engine still inoperative and maintain straight flight at the same speed with an angle of bank no more that 5 degrees
What are the 12 conditions Vmc is certified with?
- Most unfavorable weight
- Most unfavorable C.G.
- Critical Engine Inoperative
- Propeller windmilling
- Landing gear retracted
- Flaps in the takeoff position
- Propeller controls in the takeoff position
- Airplane trimmed for takeoff
- No more than 150 lbs. of rudder force needed by the pilot
- Airplane must not assume any dangerous attitude
- Maximum takeoff power on each engine initially
- Sea Level conditions
What is the difference between Vmc and Vmca?
Vmca is actual conditions and is a static number (changing)
Vmc is the certified published number based on the conditions in FAR 23.149
How is Vmc effected by an increase in weight?
Vmc decreases because weight adds stability
How is Vmc effected as the C.G. Is shifted forward?
Vmc decreases because there is a longer arm for rudder effectiveness, better rudder authority
How is Vmc effected is power on the operating engine is decreased?
Vmc decreases because less thrust is produced which means a smaller yawing force is needed to be overcome
Less power less asymetric thrust
How is Vmc affected with landing gear lowered?
Vmc decreases. Gear stabilizes the plane via keel effect
How does a windmilling propeller effect Vmc?
Vmc decreases as drag decreases on the inoperative engine, Vmc is highest when the propeller is windmilling
Why does an airplane pitch down with an engine failure?
- Thrust reduced by half
- Loss of total lift created by wings and less negative lift created by the horizontal stabilator
- Loss of accelerated slipstream over the tail, Seminole has a less pitch down effect because tail is not in the stream of the engine
Why does the airplane yaw towards the dead engine with an engine failure?
- Caused by loss of thrust and increased drag on the inoperative engine
- Requires additional rudder pressure on the side of the operating engine to overcome the asymetric thrust caused by the operating engine and drag caused by the inoperative engine
- “Dead foot, dead engine”
Why does the airplane roll towards the inoperative engine with an engine failure?
- Operating engine is producing more thrust which creates a yaw towards the inoperative engine
- as the airplane yaws the wing moves faster and is creating more lift which makes it yaw
Engine Failure Before Vr (Aborted Takeoff)
Throttles-idle
Brakes-As required
Engine-Shutdown if required
Engine Failure above Vr (Takeoff Aborted/Land on remaining runway)
Pitch Attitude-Lower Directional Control-Maintain Throttles-As required Airspeed-At least 88 KIAS Landing Gear Down-Land straight ahead Engines-Shutdown if necessary
Engine Failure Above Vr (Takeoff Continued)
Directional Control-Maintain Mixtures-Full Forward Propellers-Full Forward Throttles-Full Forward Fuel Selectors-On Flaps-Up Landing Gear-Retracted Fuel Pumps-On Inoperative Engine-Identify Throttle (Inoperative Engine)-Idle Propeller Control (inoperative Engine)-Feather Mixture (Inoperative Engine)-Idle/Cutofff Establish Bank-2 to 3 degrees Airspeed-88 KIAS *After 600 AGL the instructor will initiate the engine failure using the THROTTLE ONLY
Engine Failure Flight (Above Vmca)
Inoperative Engine-Identify
Operative Engine-Adjust power as required
Airspeed-Maintain at least 88 KIAS
Non-Memory Items: (Troubleshoot if altitude permits)
Fuel selector (Inoperative Engine)-On
Carburetor Heat (Inoperative Engine)-On
Mixture (Inoperative Engine)-Rich
Fuel Pump (Inoperative Engine)-On
Fuel Quantity (Inoperative Engine)-Check
Oil Pressure and Temperature (Inoperative Engine)-Check
Magneto Switches (Inoperative Engine)-Check
Carburetor Heat-As required
*If engine does not start proceed to engine securing procedure
- 500ft AGL to 4,000ft AGL: Retarding throttle only for engine failure
- Above 4,000ft AGL: Throttle, Mixture or Fuel Selector Valve
What are the engine starter cycle time limits?
30 seconds on, 1 minute off: 2 times then 2 minutes off
Use the timer on the yoke
What is the slow warm up procedure after restarting a feathered engine?
- Propeller Lever-2,000 rpm
- Throttle Lever-15 inches mp
- Adjust cowl flaps as necessary
Emergency Descent Procedure
Throttles-Closed Carburetor Heat-On Mixture-As required Prop Control-Forward Landing Gear-Extend 140 KIAS Max. Airspeed-140 KIAS Max.
*For training purposes the maneuver should be terminated as soon as the descent is stabilized to prevent shock cooling of the engine
Vx
82 KIAS
Best angle of climb speed
