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Basics of UX > UX theory > Flashcards

UX theory Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 approaches to interaction design?

A

User-centered design.

Activity-centered design.

System design.

Genius design.

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2
Q

User-centered design is…?

A

The user knows best. The people who will use a product/service know their needs, goals and preferences. It is up to the designer to find and explore them.

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3
Q

Activity-centered design is…?

A

Focus on the activities, not the goal. A cluster of actions and decisions performed for a purpose.

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4
Q

System design is…?

A

The system (people, machines, objects, devices etc.) in focus instead of the user.

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5
Q

Genius design is…?

A

Skills and wisdom of the designer. If users are involved in the process it is often at the end for validization.

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6
Q

What is cognitive inhibition?

A

Refers to the mind’s ability to tune out stimuli that are irrelevant to the task or process. Make the user shift focus. (For example a TENS-machine for pain relief.)

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7
Q

What is convergent afferents?

A

Two or more neurons may converge into another neuron (the origin of the signal is lost). For example heart attack.

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8
Q

What is meant by “Brain Stimulation” and what does TMS stand for?

A

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation is used to study brain functions and neural basis of behavior.

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9
Q

What is Eyetracking and what can it be used for?

A

Mapping/tracking the movement of the eye or where the user is looking. For validating the usability of a product/service. (Differs between male/female).

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10
Q

What is EEG?

A

Electroencephalography. A device or technology to measure brain activity.

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11
Q

What is meant by Affective Ventriloquism?

A

The emotional attributes perceived via one modality (ex. sight).

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12
Q

What is Synesthesia?

A

Merging of the senses, when stimulating one sensory pathway, others are automatically and involuntarily affected.

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13
Q

What is Sensorial Substitution?

A

To change on sensorial modality for another, for example, projecting a picture (visual) onto the forehead as vibrations (tactile).

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14
Q

Explain the five steps in Maslow’s hierarchy of needs pyramide.

A
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15
Q

Different methods (5) for collecting user data (neuroscience).

A
  • fMRI
  • Behavioral observations
  • Brain stimulation, TMS
  • Eyetracking
  • EEG
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16
Q

Explain why the designer should think “what, how and why” when designing an interaction.

A
  • Why: Considers people’s motivation and needs to use a product. Experience, emotions, needs and subjective impressions.
  • What: Things people can do through an interactive system. Reflected by the functionality of a product.
  • How: Form of interaction, concrete operations, technology involved, parameters. Framing the interaction.
17
Q

What is an unstructured interview?

A

Interview with clear goal but no template.

18
Q

What is a semi-structured interview?

A

Interview with template and open-ended questions. Often combined with probing (asking why and follow-up questions).

19
Q

What is meant by Extreme Users?

A

Their needs are amplified and their struggles are more notable. Their needs are often (not always) apparent for the wider population.

20
Q

What is a questionnaire?

A

Qlosed questions with Yes/No/Multiple-choice answers. For statistical findings and quantitative data.

21
Q

Explain the method “Diaries”.

A

In depth qualitative data. Used for gaining better understanding about people’s experience and life over a longer period of time.

22
Q

What is a Focus Group?

A

Semi-structured group interview process. Often a moderator to supervise the process. Collecting a large amount of observations in a short time span. 6-10 participants.

23
Q

What is an observation?

A

Observe when users use a product to ID errors etc.

24
Q

What is shadowing?

A

Like observation, but this time the user is aware of the observation. Also think-aloud protocol.

25
Q

What is Neuro-Plasticity?

A

Lasting change to the brain throughout an individual’s life course.

26
Q

What is meant by Enteroception?

A

Perception of signals generated by the functioning of our body (heart rate, blood pressure etc.)

27
Q

Explain how a Physiologically Controlled Interaction could work for a anti-sleep system inside a car.

A

A camera placed in the rear-view mirror tracks the driver’s eye movement as well as head position. If the system detects abnormal movement the steering wheel could vibrate and alarm the driver.

28
Q

Explain what the left side hemisphere and the right side hemisphere of the brain is good for/does.

A
29
Q

Where is the Occipital Lobe placed, what does it “do” and what happens if it’s damaged?

A

Placed in the back of the head controlling the visual system.

Damage can lead to color blindness and inhability to percieve visual movement.

30
Q

What captures the users attention? (neuroscience)

A
  • Color
  • Movement
  • Evolutionary relevant stimuli (Faces)
  • Size
  • Emotional stimuli
31
Q

What does people like visually? (neuroscience)

A
  • Superstimuli
  • Gestalt properties
  • Mere exposure
  • Symmetry
  • Golden section
32
Q

What is Perceptual Fluency?

A

The ease with which a stimulus can be processed.. Repeated exposure of stimulus increases Perceptual Fluency.

33
Q

Where is the Frontal Lobe located, what does it “do” and what happens if it’s damaged?

A

The front of the brain, controlling ex. motor skills.

Damage could lead to paralysis.

34
Q

Where is the Temporal Lobe located, what does it “do” and what happens if it’s damaged?

A

The side of the brain, controlling ex. language, hearing and perception of sounds.

Damage could lead to hearing disabilities.

35
Q

Explain the basic function of a Neuron and how it works.

A

Neuron’s are the “brain processing unit”.

Connected through Axon’s in different thickness for different speed and communicates via chemical receptors and mediators: “Synapse”.

36
Q

Where is the Parietal Lobe placed, what does it “do” and what happens if it’s damaged?

A

The top of the brain, towards the the back of the head. Controlls navigation and self-awereness.

Damage could lead to lack of body senses and navigation problems.

37
Q

Explain the term Embodied Cognition with a simple example.

A

Kind of experience that come from having a body with variuos sensorimotor capacities.

For example:

  • Children solve math problem better if they are told to use thier hands while thinking.
38
Q

Explain “Framing the interaction” (The circle)

A

MACHINE

  • Display: What kind of media can be applied in the human machine system for informing the user?
  • Controls: What kind of physical or virtual devices are applied to recieve input from the user?

HUMAN

  • Effectors: What means (actions are employed to give feedback to the machine?
  • Receptors: What kind of human sensory is employed to ‘sense’ the machine and its intention?

Basics of UX (2 decks)

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