Uworld Wrongs Flashcards
laryngomalacia
gets worse in supin eposition
inspiratory stridor
reassurae parents that it will go away in 2 years
diagnosis via flexible fibrooptic laryngoscopy (omega shaped epiglottis )
how to dignose laryngomalacia
flexible fiberoptic laryngoscopy
what makes laryngomalacia worse
supine position –gets worse around 2 to 4 months
URI
how does coanal atresia presents
most common presentation and least common presenttion
baby turn blue when feeding due to occlusion of the canal and turns pink when crying
most common occurs unilateally causing nasal discharge
bilaterally causes cyanosis and noisy breathing
can be associated with CHARGEsyndrome ( coloboma, heart defects, atresia, growth retardation and genital and ear abnormalities
how is chonal atresia diagnosed
inability to ;pass nasal catheter ;past nasopharynx and confirmation via CT scan or nasal endoscopy
management of epiglottitis
endotracheal intubation and antibiotics
inspiratory stridor,horsness and rhinorheea
epiglotitis
two cauative agents in otitis externa
pseudomans and staph aureus
wha tincreases risk of otitis externa
swimming -excessive cleaning -removal or ceroman - loss of barriers as in eczema psoriasis and trauma
white mass posterior to the tympanic memebrane
choleasteotoma presents with hearing loss due to sq epti abnormal growth
bark caough- fever and horseness
croup
dysphagia,drooling and respiratory distress
epiglotitis
risk factors for cholesteatoma
recurrent otitis media, chronic middle ear effusion and tympanostomy tube placement
laryngomalacia makes what kind of noise (expiratory or inspirtaory or is it sstridor or wheezing
inspiratory stridor
does otosclerosis present with drainage
no !
complication of acute otitis media
mastoditis and conductive hearing loss and meningitis
Steatorgea is more common in what kind of endocrine problem
Pancreatic insufficiency morning diabetes
Other signs of creatinism
Jaundice, loud hars breathing, difficulty breathing, refractory macrocytic anemia and hypothermia
Symptomsn8n warning Hoffman syndrom
Floppy baby syndrome, anterior horn and cranial nerve degeneration
When does gonococal conjunctivitis present compared to chlamydia ?how do you treat it ?
Chlamydia presents around 4-15days of life, mild for mucopurulent discharge and must be treated with ORAL MACROLIDE, Complifations of macrolide include pyloric stenosis
Gonorrhea presents with virulent discharge and extreme swelling, treatment includes IM 3rd gene cephalosporin, prophylaxis include oral macrolide
Azitromycin has less rates of pyloric stenosis
How does dacrostenosis present ? How to treat
Unilateral watery discharge from eyes, treat with massaging nasiolabial duct
Premature adrenarche
Normal bone age, precaosiuos puberty and increased pubic hair and acne but no breast development
0rematuren theoarche
Precocious puberty, breast development normal bone age
Risk factors for vitamin d deficiency
Colored skin
Exclusive best milk feeding
No sunkightnexposure
No vit d suplementation
Bowing happens after the kid starts walking since increased weight on the legs causes the bowing
Symptoms of vit d defici
Increased gaps between bones
Delayed fontanelle closure
Bowing only if the kid bears weight on the legs (notnseen in a 6 months old or less)
Differentiate between viral bacterial and allergic eye discharge
Viral lasts 5 days after fever and cough symptoms and its continuous watery
Bacterial is mucous and virulent discharge
Allergic is intermittent watery discharge
Clavicle fracture in infants effect what reflex
Moro reflex would be abnormal
Maternal hyperglycemia and gestational hyperglycemia effects on infants
Maternal hyperglycemia during first trimester causes cardiac malformations since fetal insulin is not produced during first trimester
Gestational diabetes does not effect organogenisis since it happens after first trimester organogensis is complete
Glucocerebroeidase deficiency symptoms
No lactic acidosis , or hypoglycemia but there is bone pain, organomegalyn
Glucocerebrosidase accumulates in bone marrow
Describe strabismus and treatment
Strabismus is ocular misalignment
Treat with either penalization therapy to make normal blurry so the affected eye can correct itself over time or use an eye patch on the normal eye or use prescription glasses or surgery
Complication of strabismus
Diplopia or amblyopia
Cafe aulait spots, litsch nodules
Nf1
Gene 17
Optic gliomas, aulait spots and lisch nodules
Does gaucher disease cause delayed puberty
Yes a!! Along with bone pain, thrombocytopenia organomegaly
breath holding spells
cyanotic BHSis folowed by crying forced expiration apnea limpness andloss of consciousness
how to dignose and treat idiopathic intracraninial hypertentiion
dignosis =neuroimaging and lmbar puncture
treatment =weight loss and acetazolamide
when do you give equin ederived immunogobulins comp;ared to human drived immunoglobulins
human drived for inesting spores
equine derived for ingesting toxin
somplications of bacterial meningitis
inetlectual disability
hearin gloss
cerebral palsy
epilepsy
list three signs seen after or duringa seizure
tongue iting
urinary incionctinence
perioral cyanosis
(slipiness happens after generalised seixure and is not seen with vasovagalsyncope 0
premature patietns presenting with hypotonia lethargy apnea and seixeure
interventricular hemmorhage
lead toxicity causes irritability and hyperactivity fatigue and abdominal pain but doesnt cause ataxia
f
differentiate between tay sachs and neiman pecks
neiman pecks have hepatoslenomgaly and tay sachs has hyperrefelxia
list feaures of neurofibromatosis 1
scoliosis cafeaulait spos pseudoarthorsis optic glioma lish nodules axillary freckling inguinalfreakling scoliosis
cephaloematoma
does not cross sutures lines
how do youmaange GBS (buillian barr
give plasmapapharesis and immunoglobulins
GBS (guillan abrr) happen following what kind of infection
respiratory and agstrointestinal
describe features of rett syndrome
respiratoy dysfunction
gait abnomaliies
repetitive hand movements
loss of social anf verbal skilla
describes features of mastoiditis and how to check and the complications and treatment
features - tnder mastoid, followed by acute otitis media, ear more pronounced
complications include - spread of brain abcess, meningitis \ extrACRANIAL INCLUDE hearing loss, palsy and labyrinth
treatment - antibiotics
check via- CT with contrast and MRI
most common cause is strep pneumo
lenox gestaout syndrome
eeg shows spike and wave patterns
presents beore the age of 5 with varying seizures types and intelectual disability
what drugs can increase intracranial pressure
tricycline, isotriretnoin and growth hormones
