Uworld Week 4 Flashcards
1
Q
what is a medical issue related with pediatric OSA?
A
hypertension
2
Q
which of chlamydia or gonorrhea causes early conjunctivitis?
A
gono
3
Q
what is metatarsus adductus?
A
medial deviation of forefoot in newborn with flexible positioning
4
Q
what is rx for metatarsus adductus?
A
reassurance
5
Q
what is sign of congenital clubfoot?
A
rigid positioning of foot with medial/upward deviation
6
Q
what is rx for cogenital clubfoot?
A
serial manipulation and casting
7
Q
kid with yellow discharge and classic sx of sinusitis, does he need abx?
A
not unless fever has lasted 3 days or sx longer than 10
8
Q
how does congenital diaphragmatic hernia present?
A
respiratory distress early in life
9
Q
what are signs of congenital diaphragmatic hernia?
A
absent breath sounds, displaced heart, respiratory distress
10
Q
what is immediate rx for congenital diaphragmatic hernia?
A
intubate then correct with surgery
11
Q
what are some non specific signs of CKD in kids?
A
fatigue poor growth and HTN
12
Q
what on UA in kid is concerning for CKD?
A
protein and blood
13
Q
what often causes a thyroglossal and brachial cleft cyst to appear?
A
URI leading to inflammation
14
Q
where is brachial cleft cyst located?
A
lateral neck, anterior to SCM
15
Q
where is thyroglossal duct cyst located?
A
midline, moves with swallowing
16
Q
RMSF rash is where and looks like what?
A
macular/petechial on wrists/ankles
17
Q
what is rx for RMSF?
A
doxy
18
Q
what are signs of RMSF?
A
fever, arthralgia, headache, myalgia, severe abdominal pain
19
Q
what labs are abnormal in RMSF?
A
low platelets, high liver enzymes
20
Q
what is main sx of pinworms?
A
perianal pruritis
21
Q
what is genu varum?
A
normal bowlegged of young kids
22
Q
when should genu varum be worst?
A
when kid starts to walk
23
Q
when is genu varum resolved by?
A
should resolve by age 2
24
Q
if patient doesnt receive care after birth and presents with ICP sx, what may have happened?
A
vit k deficiency bleeding specifically an intracranial hemorrhage
25
what bugs are associated with acute cervical lymphadenitis in kids?
staph a and strep pyo
26
what is rx for acute cervical lymphadenitis in kids?
clindamycin
27
define strabismus
ocular misalignment
28
what are signs of strabismus in newborn?
unequal red reflex, and corneal light reflex
29
if patient has strabismus, which eye, affected or not, has stronger red reflex?
affected eye
30
what should you check for and how with strabismus?
dilated fundoscopic exam to look for retinoblastoma
31
high creatinine in neonate is likely from where?
mom
32
when do children get the MMR vaccine?
12 mos and 4 years
33
post auricular and suboccipital lymph nodes are consistent with what/
rubella
34
what med can be given for persistent pulmonary hypertension of newborn?
nitric oxide
35
CSF has what levels of glucose, protein and WBCs with viral meningitis?
regular glucose and high protein and WBC
36
when does congenital hypothyroidism onset?
closer to a month old...at first have moms stuff
37
list some risks with having a small for gestation baby?
hypoglycemia, hypocalcemia, polycythemia, meconium aspiration, hypoxia, hypothermia
38
kid with diabetes wants to start exercising more, how should rx change?
should get less insulin so dont make him hypoglycemic
39
what are risk factors for worse scoliosis in patients with it?
female, age less than 12, premenerchal, skeletal immaturity and severe angle already
40
with systemic JIA, what other findings can be on exam?
hepatosplenomegaly, lymphadenopathy
41
what is initial rx for JIA?
naproxen
42
what breath sounds with laryngomalacia?
inspiratory stridor
43
what is most common virus for meningitis in young kids?
enteroviruses like coxsackie virus B
44
Tumor lysis syndrome causes what three lab to be elevated?
hyperuricemia, hyperphosphatemia, hyperkalemia
45
what is issue with hyperuricemia in TLS?
uric acid stones
46
what lab is low in TLS?
hypocalcemia
47
what is CXR finding in RDS?
diffuse reticulogranular pattern with air bronchograms
48
macrosomia, macroglossia and hemihyperplasia is consistent with what disorder?
Beckwith Wiedemann syndrome
49
2 weeks of bloody diarrhea...think what bug?
entamoeba histolytica
50
first line rx for tinea
griseofulvin and terbinafine
51
what decreases the murmur in HCM?
lower preload
52
what maneuver can lead to louder murmur with HCM?
valsalva
53
aside from coronary aneurysms what else can happen to heart with kawasakis?
lymphocytic myocarditis
54
what is rx of kawasakis?
ivig and aspirin
55
what are two main presenting sx of friedrich ataxia?
dysarthria and abnormal gait in adolescent s
56
what is the cardiac finding in friedrichs?
hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
57
what is cause of death in friedrichs?
HCOM
58
what is endo finding in friedrichs?
Diabetes mellitus
59
what does seborrheic dermatitis look like?
erythematous plaques with yellow greasy scales
60
where is seborrheic dermatitis found?
scalp, eyebrows, post auricular, umbilical cord area, eyelids
61
what is rx for seborrheic dermatitis?
emolients/shampoos
62
what is cause of seborrheic dermatitis?
malassezia
63
what are cardaic findings in transposition of great vessels?
single loud S2 and cyanosis
64
what should be given to baby in tramsposition of great vessles?
prostaglandins
65
what are the three features of retinitis pigmentosa?
night vision loss, peripheral visual field loss, decreased visual acuity
66
what are the fundoscopic exam findings of retinitis pigmentosa??
retinal vessel attenuation, optic disc pallor, abnormal retinal pigmentation
67
patient is tired, has a fever, lymph nodes, and sore throat...you give amoxicillin and they develop a rash, what happened?
amoxicillin induced rash with EBV
68
three skin findings in NF1?
cafe au lait
clustered freckles
lisch nodules
69
what are lisch nodules?
raised tan colored hamartomas of iris
70
what disease are lisch nodules associated with?
nF1
71
what other eye finding is associated with NF1?
optic gliomas
72
what is oligoarticular JIA?
less than 5 joints in child...hurt in morning improve over course of day
73
what is associated with oligoarticular JIA?
uveitis
74
what is TACO?
transfusion associated circulatory overload
75
when does TACO occur
large infusions
76
what are signs of TACO?
respiratory distress, heart rate and BP up, edema
77
what is rx for TACO?
diurese and respiratory support
78
what is issue in fanconi anemia?
dna repair defect
79
what happens with blood in fanconi anemia?
pancytopenia
80
what are signs of fanconi anemia other than pancytopenia?
short stature, hypopigmented skin, abnormal thumbs and GU abnormalities
81
what is rx for fanconi anemia?
stem cell transplant
82
what motion is limited in a SCFE?
internal rotation of the hip
83
what abnormal cell is seen in thalassemias?
target cell
84
what are two heme risks with EBV?
AIHA and thrombocytopenia
85
what is a respiratory emergency that is possible in EBV?
airway obstruction
86
when should primitive reflexes disappear?
4-5 months
87
what primitive reflex is normal to last until 2 years?
babinski
88
when should babies be able to sit up and support themselves?
7 months
89
other than edema, what are sx of hereditary angioedema?
colicy abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting
90
what is abnormal lab in hereditary angioedema?
low C4
91
what happens in infantile botulism?
symmetric descending paralysis
92
how does botulism occur?
inhibition of presynaptic acetylcholine release
93
what are some general signs of botulsim in baby
hypotonia, constipation and poor feeding
94
what are some exam signs of infantile botulism?
absent gag reflex and ptosis
95
what two viruses cause viral myocarditis?
cox a and adeno
96
what is physical exam sign of vascular ring in kid?
biphasic stridor, improves with neck extension
97
what abx class for UTI in baby?
3rd gen cephalosporin
98
what does clindamycin cover as far as bacteria classes go?
gram + and anaerobes, not gram -
99
when should patient hit menarche by?
15 years
100
what is a weird infxn type you can get with onset of HIV?
aseptic meningitis
101
what are the three findings of aseptic meningitis caused by HIV?
generalized lymphadenopathy
fever
maculopapular rash
102
what is sign of cat scratch disease?
papule at cat scratch/bite then regional lymph nodes
103
will patient with cat scratch have fever?
yes for 14+ days
104
what is rx of cat scracth disease?
azithromycin
105
which of caput or cephalohematoma crosses suture lines?
caput
106
which of caput or cephalohematoma feels boggy and soft?
caput
107
which of caput or cephalohematoma is firm?
cephalohematoma
108
which of caput or cephalohematoma is located subcutaneously?
caput
109
which of caput or cephalohematoma is located in subperiosteal space?
cephalohematoma
110
what is rx for candida dermatitis?
topical nystatin
111
enlarged fontanella, jaundice and constipation should make you think about what in a neonate?
hypothyroidism
112
in normal developing teenage male, they get breast mass and have high bHCG and estradiol, what should you test for?
testicular cancer...US
113
what type of kidney stone is hexagonal?
cystine
114
are cystine stone radiolucent or opaque?
lucent
115
what is mc renal mass in kids?
wilms tumor
116
what is mc adrenal mass in kids?
neuroblastoma
117
what are the classic medical findings in homocystinuria?
fair skin, bright eyes, cerebral vascular events, and developmental delay
118
what type of body habitus do kids with homcystinuria have?
marfinoid
119
what is rx for homcystinuria?
B6 folate and B12
120
marfan has up or down lens dislocation?
upward
121
homocystinuria has up or down lens dislocation?
downward
122
what are kids with homocystinuria at increased risk for? what should you do about?
clots...anticoagulate
123
if patient has precocious puberty signs, what is first test to do? what does it tell you?
bone age...if bone age advanced then truly precocious, if not then likely isolated
124
if bone age advanced and patient has precociou spuberty, what is next test?
LH test
125
if LH does not increase in patient with precocious puberty, what is likely cause of precocious puberty?
peripheral issue like testes or adrenal gland
126
if LH does increase in patient with precocious puberty, what is likely cause of precocious puberty?
central precocious puberty
127
is membranous nephropathy nephritic or otic?
nephritic
128
what is cause of membranous nephropathy?
usually idiopathic
129
if membranous nephropathy is not idiopathic, what are other potential causes?
Hep B, malignancy, SLE, NSAIDs
130
what dietary adjustment should be made with functional constipation in kids?
limit milk to 24 oz
131
what is rx for functional constipation in kids?
give PEG laxative
132
when can thelarche onset in females?
age 8 and up
133
what is thought to be the cause of jejunal atresia?
vascular accident in utero to gut
134
what are some risks for jejunal atresia?
mom using cocaine or tobacco
135
what are sx of CHARGE syndrome
coloboma, heart defects, atresia of choana, retardation, GU issues, ear abnormalities
136
aside from muscle issues, what else can happen in duchennes?
cardiomyopathy, screen with a echo
137
howell jolly bodies are what in RBCs?
old nuclear remnants
138
what is basophilic stippling in RBCs, when does it happen?
lead poisoning leads to rrna remnants in the RBCs
139
what is cause of RTA type 1?
inability to excrete H+ into urine
140
what is cause of RTA type 2?
inability to reabsorb HCO3 in kidneys
141
what is cause of RTA type 4?
issue with sodium channel in kidneys
142
which RTA causes high urine PH?
Type 1
143
what is type 2 RTA associated with ?
fanconi syndrome
144
what type of metabolic issue does RTA cause?
non anion gap met acidosis
145
why is there not anion gap in RTAs
high chloride levels
146
what is rash of eczema herpeticum?
painful vesicles on erythematous base then progress into punched out lesions
147
where does rash of eczema herpeticum occur?
face neck and trunk
148
aside from rash, what are other sx of eczema herpeticum?
fever and lymphadenopathy
149
what is rx for eczema herpeticum?
acyclovir
150
what increases chance of eczema herpeticum?
having eczema/atopic dermatitis
151
what is prodrome of VZV?
fever sore throat and fatigue
