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Pediatrics > Uworld Week 4 > Flashcards

Uworld Week 4 Flashcards

1
Q

what is a medical issue related with pediatric OSA?

A

hypertension

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2
Q

which of chlamydia or gonorrhea causes early conjunctivitis?

A

gono

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3
Q

what is metatarsus adductus?

A

medial deviation of forefoot in newborn with flexible positioning

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4
Q

what is rx for metatarsus adductus?

A

reassurance

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5
Q

what is sign of congenital clubfoot?

A

rigid positioning of foot with medial/upward deviation

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6
Q

what is rx for cogenital clubfoot?

A

serial manipulation and casting

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7
Q

kid with yellow discharge and classic sx of sinusitis, does he need abx?

A

not unless fever has lasted 3 days or sx longer than 10

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8
Q

how does congenital diaphragmatic hernia present?

A

respiratory distress early in life

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9
Q

what are signs of congenital diaphragmatic hernia?

A

absent breath sounds, displaced heart, respiratory distress

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10
Q

what is immediate rx for congenital diaphragmatic hernia?

A

intubate then correct with surgery

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11
Q

what are some non specific signs of CKD in kids?

A

fatigue poor growth and HTN

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12
Q

what on UA in kid is concerning for CKD?

A

protein and blood

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13
Q

what often causes a thyroglossal and brachial cleft cyst to appear?

A

URI leading to inflammation

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14
Q

where is brachial cleft cyst located?

A

lateral neck, anterior to SCM

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15
Q

where is thyroglossal duct cyst located?

A

midline, moves with swallowing

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16
Q

RMSF rash is where and looks like what?

A

macular/petechial on wrists/ankles

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17
Q

what is rx for RMSF?

A

doxy

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18
Q

what are signs of RMSF?

A

fever, arthralgia, headache, myalgia, severe abdominal pain

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19
Q

what labs are abnormal in RMSF?

A

low platelets, high liver enzymes

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20
Q

what is main sx of pinworms?

A

perianal pruritis

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21
Q

what is genu varum?

A

normal bowlegged of young kids

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22
Q

when should genu varum be worst?

A

when kid starts to walk

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23
Q

when is genu varum resolved by?

A

should resolve by age 2

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24
Q

if patient doesnt receive care after birth and presents with ICP sx, what may have happened?

A

vit k deficiency bleeding specifically an intracranial hemorrhage

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25
Q

what bugs are associated with acute cervical lymphadenitis in kids?

A

staph a and strep pyo

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26
Q

what is rx for acute cervical lymphadenitis in kids?

A

clindamycin

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27
Q

define strabismus

A

ocular misalignment

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28
Q

what are signs of strabismus in newborn?

A

unequal red reflex, and corneal light reflex

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29
Q

if patient has strabismus, which eye, affected or not, has stronger red reflex?

A

affected eye

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30
Q

what should you check for and how with strabismus?

A

dilated fundoscopic exam to look for retinoblastoma

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31
Q

high creatinine in neonate is likely from where?

A

mom

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32
Q

when do children get the MMR vaccine?

A

12 mos and 4 years

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33
Q

post auricular and suboccipital lymph nodes are consistent with what/

A

rubella

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34
Q

what med can be given for persistent pulmonary hypertension of newborn?

A

nitric oxide

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35
Q

CSF has what levels of glucose, protein and WBCs with viral meningitis?

A

regular glucose and high protein and WBC

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36
Q

when does congenital hypothyroidism onset?

A

closer to a month old…at first have moms stuff

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37
Q

list some risks with having a small for gestation baby?

A

hypoglycemia, hypocalcemia, polycythemia, meconium aspiration, hypoxia, hypothermia

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38
Q

kid with diabetes wants to start exercising more, how should rx change?

A

should get less insulin so dont make him hypoglycemic

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39
Q

what are risk factors for worse scoliosis in patients with it?

A

female, age less than 12, premenerchal, skeletal immaturity and severe angle already

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40
Q

with systemic JIA, what other findings can be on exam?

A

hepatosplenomegaly, lymphadenopathy

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41
Q

what is initial rx for JIA?

A

naproxen

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42
Q

what breath sounds with laryngomalacia?

A

inspiratory stridor

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43
Q

what is most common virus for meningitis in young kids?

A

enteroviruses like coxsackie virus B

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44
Q

Tumor lysis syndrome causes what three lab to be elevated?

A

hyperuricemia, hyperphosphatemia, hyperkalemia

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45
Q

what is issue with hyperuricemia in TLS?

A

uric acid stones

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46
Q

what lab is low in TLS?

A

hypocalcemia

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47
Q

what is CXR finding in RDS?

A

diffuse reticulogranular pattern with air bronchograms

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48
Q

macrosomia, macroglossia and hemihyperplasia is consistent with what disorder?

A

Beckwith Wiedemann syndrome

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49
Q

2 weeks of bloody diarrhea…think what bug?

A

entamoeba histolytica

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50
Q

first line rx for tinea

A

griseofulvin and terbinafine

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51
Q

what decreases the murmur in HCM?

A

lower preload

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52
Q

what maneuver can lead to louder murmur with HCM?

A

valsalva

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53
Q

aside from coronary aneurysms what else can happen to heart with kawasakis?

A

lymphocytic myocarditis

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54
Q

what is rx of kawasakis?

A

ivig and aspirin

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55
Q

what are two main presenting sx of friedrich ataxia?

A

dysarthria and abnormal gait in adolescent s

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56
Q

what is the cardiac finding in friedrichs?

A

hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

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57
Q

what is cause of death in friedrichs?

A

HCOM

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58
Q

what is endo finding in friedrichs?

A

Diabetes mellitus

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59
Q

what does seborrheic dermatitis look like?

A

erythematous plaques with yellow greasy scales

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60
Q

where is seborrheic dermatitis found?

A

scalp, eyebrows, post auricular, umbilical cord area, eyelids

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61
Q

what is rx for seborrheic dermatitis?

A

emolients/shampoos

62
Q

what is cause of seborrheic dermatitis?

A

malassezia

63
Q

what are cardaic findings in transposition of great vessels?

A

single loud S2 and cyanosis

64
Q

what should be given to baby in tramsposition of great vessles?

A

prostaglandins

65
Q

what are the three features of retinitis pigmentosa?

A

night vision loss, peripheral visual field loss, decreased visual acuity

66
Q

what are the fundoscopic exam findings of retinitis pigmentosa??

A

retinal vessel attenuation, optic disc pallor, abnormal retinal pigmentation

67
Q

patient is tired, has a fever, lymph nodes, and sore throat…you give amoxicillin and they develop a rash, what happened?

A

amoxicillin induced rash with EBV

68
Q

three skin findings in NF1?

A

cafe au lait
clustered freckles
lisch nodules

69
Q

what are lisch nodules?

A

raised tan colored hamartomas of iris

70
Q

what disease are lisch nodules associated with?

A

nF1

71
Q

what other eye finding is associated with NF1?

A

optic gliomas

72
Q

what is oligoarticular JIA?

A

less than 5 joints in child…hurt in morning improve over course of day

73
Q

what is associated with oligoarticular JIA?

A

uveitis

74
Q

what is TACO?

A

transfusion associated circulatory overload

75
Q

when does TACO occur

A

large infusions

76
Q

what are signs of TACO?

A

respiratory distress, heart rate and BP up, edema

77
Q

what is rx for TACO?

A

diurese and respiratory support

78
Q

what is issue in fanconi anemia?

A

dna repair defect

79
Q

what happens with blood in fanconi anemia?

A

pancytopenia

80
Q

what are signs of fanconi anemia other than pancytopenia?

A

short stature, hypopigmented skin, abnormal thumbs and GU abnormalities

81
Q

what is rx for fanconi anemia?

A

stem cell transplant

82
Q

what motion is limited in a SCFE?

A

internal rotation of the hip

83
Q

what abnormal cell is seen in thalassemias?

A

target cell

84
Q

what are two heme risks with EBV?

A

AIHA and thrombocytopenia

85
Q

what is a respiratory emergency that is possible in EBV?

A

airway obstruction

86
Q

when should primitive reflexes disappear?

A

4-5 months

87
Q

what primitive reflex is normal to last until 2 years?

A

babinski

88
Q

when should babies be able to sit up and support themselves?

A

7 months

89
Q

other than edema, what are sx of hereditary angioedema?

A

colicy abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting

90
Q

what is abnormal lab in hereditary angioedema?

A

low C4

91
Q

what happens in infantile botulism?

A

symmetric descending paralysis

92
Q

how does botulism occur?

A

inhibition of presynaptic acetylcholine release

93
Q

what are some general signs of botulsim in baby

A

hypotonia, constipation and poor feeding

94
Q

what are some exam signs of infantile botulism?

A

absent gag reflex and ptosis

95
Q

what two viruses cause viral myocarditis?

A

cox a and adeno

96
Q

what is physical exam sign of vascular ring in kid?

A

biphasic stridor, improves with neck extension

97
Q

what abx class for UTI in baby?

A

3rd gen cephalosporin

98
Q

what does clindamycin cover as far as bacteria classes go?

A

gram + and anaerobes, not gram -

99
Q

when should patient hit menarche by?

A

15 years

100
Q

what is a weird infxn type you can get with onset of HIV?

A

aseptic meningitis

101
Q

what are the three findings of aseptic meningitis caused by HIV?

A

generalized lymphadenopathy
fever
maculopapular rash

102
Q

what is sign of cat scratch disease?

A

papule at cat scratch/bite then regional lymph nodes

103
Q

will patient with cat scratch have fever?

A

yes for 14+ days

104
Q

what is rx of cat scracth disease?

A

azithromycin

105
Q

which of caput or cephalohematoma crosses suture lines?

A

caput

106
Q

which of caput or cephalohematoma feels boggy and soft?

A

caput

107
Q

which of caput or cephalohematoma is firm?

A

cephalohematoma

108
Q

which of caput or cephalohematoma is located subcutaneously?

A

caput

109
Q

which of caput or cephalohematoma is located in subperiosteal space?

A

cephalohematoma

110
Q

what is rx for candida dermatitis?

A

topical nystatin

111
Q

enlarged fontanella, jaundice and constipation should make you think about what in a neonate?

A

hypothyroidism

112
Q

in normal developing teenage male, they get breast mass and have high bHCG and estradiol, what should you test for?

A

testicular cancer…US

113
Q

what type of kidney stone is hexagonal?

A

cystine

114
Q

are cystine stone radiolucent or opaque?

A

lucent

115
Q

what is mc renal mass in kids?

A

wilms tumor

116
Q

what is mc adrenal mass in kids?

A

neuroblastoma

117
Q

what are the classic medical findings in homocystinuria?

A

fair skin, bright eyes, cerebral vascular events, and developmental delay

118
Q

what type of body habitus do kids with homcystinuria have?

A

marfinoid

119
Q

what is rx for homcystinuria?

A

B6 folate and B12

120
Q

marfan has up or down lens dislocation?

A

upward

121
Q

homocystinuria has up or down lens dislocation?

A

downward

122
Q

what are kids with homocystinuria at increased risk for? what should you do about?

A

clots…anticoagulate

123
Q

if patient has precocious puberty signs, what is first test to do? what does it tell you?

A

bone age…if bone age advanced then truly precocious, if not then likely isolated

124
Q

if bone age advanced and patient has precociou spuberty, what is next test?

A

LH test

125
Q

if LH does not increase in patient with precocious puberty, what is likely cause of precocious puberty?

A

peripheral issue like testes or adrenal gland

126
Q

if LH does increase in patient with precocious puberty, what is likely cause of precocious puberty?

A

central precocious puberty

127
Q

is membranous nephropathy nephritic or otic?

A

nephritic

128
Q

what is cause of membranous nephropathy?

A

usually idiopathic

129
Q

if membranous nephropathy is not idiopathic, what are other potential causes?

A

Hep B, malignancy, SLE, NSAIDs

130
Q

what dietary adjustment should be made with functional constipation in kids?

A

limit milk to 24 oz

131
Q

what is rx for functional constipation in kids?

A

give PEG laxative

132
Q

when can thelarche onset in females?

A

age 8 and up

133
Q

what is thought to be the cause of jejunal atresia?

A

vascular accident in utero to gut

134
Q

what are some risks for jejunal atresia?

A

mom using cocaine or tobacco

135
Q

what are sx of CHARGE syndrome

A

coloboma, heart defects, atresia of choana, retardation, GU issues, ear abnormalities

136
Q

aside from muscle issues, what else can happen in duchennes?

A

cardiomyopathy, screen with a echo

137
Q

howell jolly bodies are what in RBCs?

A

old nuclear remnants

138
Q

what is basophilic stippling in RBCs, when does it happen?

A

lead poisoning leads to rrna remnants in the RBCs

139
Q

what is cause of RTA type 1?

A

inability to excrete H+ into urine

140
Q

what is cause of RTA type 2?

A

inability to reabsorb HCO3 in kidneys

141
Q

what is cause of RTA type 4?

A

issue with sodium channel in kidneys

142
Q

which RTA causes high urine PH?

A

Type 1

143
Q

what is type 2 RTA associated with ?

A

fanconi syndrome

144
Q

what type of metabolic issue does RTA cause?

A

non anion gap met acidosis

145
Q

why is there not anion gap in RTAs

A

high chloride levels

146
Q

what is rash of eczema herpeticum?

A

painful vesicles on erythematous base then progress into punched out lesions

147
Q

where does rash of eczema herpeticum occur?

A

face neck and trunk

148
Q

aside from rash, what are other sx of eczema herpeticum?

A

fever and lymphadenopathy

149
Q

what is rx for eczema herpeticum?

A

acyclovir

150
Q

what increases chance of eczema herpeticum?

A

having eczema/atopic dermatitis

151
Q

what is prodrome of VZV?

A

fever sore throat and fatigue

Pediatrics (4 decks)

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