UWorld Surgery Flashcards
What type of infections occur immediately after burns? 5 days after burns?
Gm positive immediately after burns; gram negative or fungi 5 days after
What are the components of GCS?
Eye opening, verbal response, and motor response
What are the 4 T’s of an anterior mediastinal mass?
Thymoma, teratoma, thyroid neoplasm and terrible lymphoma
What is the Kehr sign?
Irritation of the peritoneal lining of the right or left hemidiaphragm causes referred pain to the ipsilateral shoulder
What is the clinical scenario of anterior bladder wall and bladder neck ruptures?
These are extraperitoneal structures and are seen with pelvic fractures and localized lower abdominal pain (not peritonitis)
Anterior dislocation of the shoulder can damage what nerve?
Axillary
Midshaft humeral fractures can damage what nerve?
Radial nerve
What type of electrolyte imbalance can cause an ileus?
Hypokalemia
Child falls on outstretched hand, what type of fracture are you concerned about?
Supracondylar fracture of the humerus
What are the complications of a supracondylar fracture of the humerus?
Brachial artery entrapment, median nerve entrapment (two most common concerns), can also have compartment syndrome and cubitus varus deformity
What is the earliest sign of compartment syndrome?
Paresthesia
What acid/base status is seen in patients with atelectasis? Why?
Resp alkalosis; decreased oxygenation leads to hyperventilation, leading to increased blow off of CO2 and therefore resp alkalosis
What is the cardiac index in septic shock, hypovolemic shock, and cardiogenic shock?
Cardiac index is increased in septic shock, slightly decreased in hypovolemic shock, and extremely decreased in cardiogenic shock.
How is flail chest treated?
Pain control, supplemental oxygen and positive pressure ventilation if respiratory failure (+/- chest tube)
What is the most common cause acute bacterial parotitis in post op patients?
S aureus