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Surgery > UWorld Surgery > Flashcards

UWorld Surgery Flashcards

1
Q

What type of infections occur immediately after burns? 5 days after burns?

A

Gm positive immediately after burns; gram negative or fungi 5 days after

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2
Q

What are the components of GCS?

A

Eye opening, verbal response, and motor response

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3
Q

What are the 4 T’s of an anterior mediastinal mass?

A

Thymoma, teratoma, thyroid neoplasm and terrible lymphoma

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4
Q

What is the Kehr sign?

A

Irritation of the peritoneal lining of the right or left hemidiaphragm causes referred pain to the ipsilateral shoulder

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5
Q

What is the clinical scenario of anterior bladder wall and bladder neck ruptures?

A

These are extraperitoneal structures and are seen with pelvic fractures and localized lower abdominal pain (not peritonitis)

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6
Q

Anterior dislocation of the shoulder can damage what nerve?

A

Axillary

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7
Q

Midshaft humeral fractures can damage what nerve?

A

Radial nerve

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8
Q

What type of electrolyte imbalance can cause an ileus?

A

Hypokalemia

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9
Q

Child falls on outstretched hand, what type of fracture are you concerned about?

A

Supracondylar fracture of the humerus

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10
Q

What are the complications of a supracondylar fracture of the humerus?

A

Brachial artery entrapment, median nerve entrapment (two most common concerns), can also have compartment syndrome and cubitus varus deformity

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11
Q

What is the earliest sign of compartment syndrome?

A

Paresthesia

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12
Q

What acid/base status is seen in patients with atelectasis? Why?

A

Resp alkalosis; decreased oxygenation leads to hyperventilation, leading to increased blow off of CO2 and therefore resp alkalosis

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13
Q

What is the cardiac index in septic shock, hypovolemic shock, and cardiogenic shock?

A

Cardiac index is increased in septic shock, slightly decreased in hypovolemic shock, and extremely decreased in cardiogenic shock.

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14
Q

How is flail chest treated?

A

Pain control, supplemental oxygen and positive pressure ventilation if respiratory failure (+/- chest tube)

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15
Q

What is the most common cause acute bacterial parotitis in post op patients?

A

S aureus

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16
Q

Why is placement of a urinary catheter important in patients with traumatic spinal cord injuries?

A

Assess for urinary retention and prevent acute bladder distension and damage

17
Q

What anticoagulants are contraindicated in patients with ESRD?

A

LMWH (enoxaparin) and rivaroxaban; need to use unfractionated heparin

18
Q

What is Leriche syndrome?

A

Aortoiliac occlusion; characterized by bilateral hip, thigh, and buttock claudication, impotence and symmetric atrophy of the BLEs due to chronic ischemia

19
Q

What muscles are innervated by the femoral nerve?

A

Quadriceps, sartorius, pectineus

20
Q

The femoral nerve provides sensation to what region(s) of the leg?

A

Anterior thigh and medial leg via the saphenous branch

21
Q

What is the microbiology of necrotizing fasciitis?

A

Most frequently recovered: S pyogenes; also S aureus and C perfringenes; POLYMYCROBIAL!!!

22
Q

If perforated PUD is suspected, what imaging can be used to confirm?

A

Can start with upright chest and abdomen XR

23
Q

How is PTT/INR most rapidly corrected/normalized?

A

Infusion of fresh frozen plasma

24
Q

What is dumping syndrome? When is it seen?

A

Rapid emptying of hypertonic gastric contents; seen post gastrectomy

25
Q

What are the symptoms of dumping syndrome?

A

Abdominal pain, diarrhea, nausea, hypotension/tachycardia, dizziness, confusion, diaphoresis; i.e GI sxs and vasomotor sxs

26
Q

What is the management options for dumping syndrome?

A

Dietary modifications; avoid simple sugars, small frequent meals, increased fiber and protein

27
Q

In patients suspected of urethral injury, what test should be performed?

A

Retrograde urethrogram

28
Q

What are the causes of total hematuria?

A

Renal mass, glomerulonephritis, urolithiasis, PCKD, pyelo, urothelial cancer, trauma

29
Q

What is the cause of terminal hematuria?

A

Urothelial cancer, cystitis, urolithiasis, BPH, prostate cancer

30
Q

How/when does acute mediastinitis present? How is it treated?

A

Following cardiac surgery, presents with fever, CP, leukocytosis and mediastinal widening on CXR; treated with surgical debridement and prolonged Abx therapy

31
Q

What organisms dominate prosthesis infection in the first 3 months post op?

A

S aureus and P aeruginosa

32
Q

What post op time frame does S epidermidis predominate infection of prostesis?

A

3-12 months

Surgery (3 decks)

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