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CP > uworld review > Flashcards

uworld review Flashcards

1
Q

combustion is what kind of process

A

a chemical process

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2
Q

combustion is a CHEMICAL process through which the CHEMICAL energy stored in the

A

reactants’ molecular bonds is released by creating new bonds w/ less energy

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3
Q

energy released from combustion is transformed into

A

thermal and kinetic energy

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4
Q

in a combustion engine, chemical energy is….

A

converted to thermal and kinetic energy

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5
Q

what are a broad class of lipids that are comprised of isoprene units?

A

terpes

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6
Q

terpenes are

A

natural lipid products dervied from the five-carbon isoprene unit building block

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7
Q

features of terpenes

A

total number of carbons in multiples of 5

carbon skeleton that reflects scaffold of an isoprene unit

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8
Q

isoprenes are composed of

A

four carbon linear chain with a one-carbon branch

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9
Q

covalent sigma bonds are made by

A

sharing electrons through end-to-end overlap of atomic orbitals

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10
Q

length of a sigma bond can be estimated as the

A

sum of the atomic radii of the bonded atoms

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11
Q

atomic radii tend to decrease

A

across a row

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12
Q

atomic radii increase

A

down a column on the PT

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13
Q

metal-nonmetal bonds tend to be

A

IONIC

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14
Q

nonmetal-nonmetal bonds tend to be

A

COVALENT

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15
Q

atoms with a large difference in electronegativity form

A

IONIC BONDS (usually metal + nonmetal)

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16
Q

atoms with a small difference in electronegativity form

A

covalent bonds (two nonmetals)

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17
Q

high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) does what?

A

separates molecules according to relative polarity and the resulting diff interactions w/ mobile + stationary phases

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18
Q

in reversed-phase HPLC, mobile phase and stationary phase are what

A

mobile - polar solvent

stationary - nonpolar material

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19
Q

HPLC is a technique where

A

liquid solvent (mobile) is under pressure and carries a sample sample through column filled with adsorbent material (stationary) to a detector

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20
Q

extraction is a technique that uses

A

an organic solvent and an aqueous solution to separate molecules based on solubility

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21
Q

sodium cations neutralize DNA’s charge via

A

ionic bonding with phosphate groups, making DNA less hydrophilic

allowing DNA to precipitate more efficiently

22
Q

more H-bonding sites =

A

greater affinity for stationary phase

23
Q

longest retention time elutes

A

LAST

24
Q

in normal HPLC, the stationary phase is

A

polar relative to the mobile phase

25
Q

molecules with more polar bonds have a

A

stronger affinity for the stationary phase

have longer retention times

26
Q

exothermic reactions release or consume heat

A

RELEASE

negative enthalpy

27
Q

endothermic reactions release or consume heat

A

CONSUME

positive enthalpy

28
Q

protein aggregation released or consumes heat?

A

RELEASES HEAT

EXOTHERMIC

NEGATIVE ENTHALPY

29
Q

effect of nonvolatile solutes on BP in an unpurified protein sample

A

LOWER vapor pressure

HIGHER boiling point

30
Q

protein unfolding consumes or releases heat?

A

CONSUMES HEAT

ENDOTHERMIC

POS ENTHALPY

31
Q

effect of nonvolatile solutes on BP in an purified protein sample

A

HIGHER vapor pressure

LOWER boiling point

32
Q

keto-enol tautomerization is a

A

base or acid-catalyzed isomerization that converts a ketone or aldehyde into an enol

33
Q

tautomerization involves a proton transfer from the…

A

alpha-carbon of a ketone or aldehyde to the carbonyl oxygen along w/ pi bond migration

34
Q

capacitance is directly proportional to

A

capacitor plate area and

inversely proportional to the distance b/w plates

35
Q

for resistors in parallel, the voltage drop…

A

across each resistor is IDENTICAL

36
Q

for resistors in series, the current

A

passing through each resistor is identical

37
Q

conductivity describes the ease with which

A

electric current flows through a material

38
Q

conductivity of metals may be attributed to the

A

loosely associated valence electrons within a metal

39
Q

conductivity of electrolytic solutions is directly proportional to

A

the molar concentration of charged ions

40
Q

oxidation and reduction always occur

A

together in a redox rxn

41
Q

when an atom is reduced by gaining 1 or more electrons, it’s oxidized or reduced?

A

oxidized

42
Q

oxidation number is

A

calculated for each atom in a compounds relative to the number of electrons attached to element when neutral

43
Q

oxidation numbers may be assessed using

A

lewis structures

44
Q

entropy is the

A

increased number of possible arrangements leading to disorder

45
Q

entropy of solids

A

lowest of 3 common phases

46
Q

liquids have more/less entropy than solids

A

more

47
Q

entropy of gases

A

highest of 3 common phases

48
Q

during deposition, a substance in the gas phase transitions to

A

the solid phase

greatest decrease in entropy

49
Q

sublimation is the process of going from

A

solid to gas

largest increase in entropy

50
Q
A

CP (1 decks)

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