Uworld Qs Flashcards
1
Q
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma - GENE mutation?
A
KRAS
2
Q
Familial adenomatous polyposis - GENE mutation?
A
APC
3
Q
Follicular lymphoma - GENE mutation?
A
BCL2
4
Q
Malignant melanoma - GENE MUTATION?
A
BRAF
5
Q
Burkitt lymphoma - gene mutation?
A
c- MYC
6
Q
Fusion of METANEPHROS in utero causes ?
A
Horse shoe kidney
7
Q
Horse shoe kidney begin ascent in utero until physically restricted by what structure?
A
Inferior mesenteric artery- hence horse shoe kidney lies lower in abdomen
8
Q
Dequervain tendinopathy - which structure is affected and which test can help diagnose?
A
Abductor policus brevis and extensor pollicus brevis
Finkelstein/ Eischhoff tests
9
Q
Cardiac Output = ___ x ___
A
CO = SV x HR
10
Q
Cardiac output formula according to Fick principle
A
CO = rate of o2 consumption / arteriovenous o2 content difference
11
Q
Respiratory quotient is ratio of ?
A
CO2: O2 across the alveolar membrane . Normal value is 0.8
12
Q
Hyper IgM syndrome manifestations?
A
Sinopulmonary infections, chronic diarrhea, opportunistic infections, minimal lymphoid tissue
13
Q
Hyper igm lab findings?
A
Inc igm , dec igg, normal c3
14
Q
Protein kinesin function and location?
A
Carries vesicles and organelles away from cell body and towards nerve terminal
15
Q
Pemphigus vulgaris
A
Antibodies against desmosome of skin
16
Q
Bulbous pemphigoid
A
Antibodies against hemidesmosome of skin
17
Q
Fungal infection that forms hypopigmented, hyperpigmentaed or erythmatous maculae’s or patches on upper body?
A
Pityriasis vesicular caused by malassezia
18
Q
Diagnosis lab to diagnose pityriasis versicolor? What is the characteristic finding?
A
KOH preparation of skin scrapings, spaghetti and meatballs appearance
19
Q
Intertrigo infection - causative agent?
A
Candida albicans
20
Q
Tinea capitis - causative agent?
A
Microsporum species
21
Q
Mucormycosis - an invasive necrotic upper and lower resp infection in immuncomprimsed pts - causative agent?
A
Rhizopus
22
Q
Which fungus is found in decaying horticultural matter? Acquired through breaks in the skin, forming nodular and ulcerating subcutaneous lesions
A
Sporothrix
23
Q
Organophosphate poisoning treatment?
A
MUSCARINIC ANTAGONISTS Atropine or pralidoxime
24
Q
organophosphate poisoning symptoms?
A
DUMBBELLS
25
Teripatide - Class and indication? MOA?
Recombinant PTH analogue, severe osteoporosis
26
Pulsatile pth like teripatide - action?
Anabolic effect - stimulates osteoblast proliferation and increases formation of new bone
27
Pleural fluid - fluid entry and exit?
Entry - intercostal micro vessels
Exit - parietal pleura lymph drainage
28
Metyropone stimulation test - which increases and decrease ?
Cortisol?
ACTH?
Cortisol decreases
ACTH increases
29
Attack rate definition
Ratio of number of ppl who contract an illness / no of ppl at risk of contracting the illness
30
Fev1/fvc- increased , decreased or normal in -
A. Obstructive —?
B restrictive —?
Obstructive - decreased
Restrictive - normal or increased
31
Exploratory flow rate is increased in pulmonary fibrosis in ILD. Why?
Bc of airway widening due to radial traction. This reduced airflow resistance - leading to high exp rate
32
Optimal site for obtaining vascular access to common femoral artery?
Below the inguinal ligament
33
Accidental puncture of the posterior Vascular access to the common femoral artery ABOVE the inguinal ligament can cause what to occur?
Retroperitoneal hemorrhage . (Bleeding into pelvic cavity will only happen in pelvic fractures and gyne hemorrhages)
34
Increased dopamine in mesolimbic pathway - disease?
Schizophrenia
35
Increases dopamine in NIGROSTRITAL pathway - disease?
Chorea and tics
36
Cytokines released by macrophage?
IL1, IL6, tnf alpha, IL8, IL12
37
B cells produced where and T cells reduced where?
B - bone marrow, T- thymus
38
LPS is seen in gram +, gram - or both?
Gram -ve ONLY
39
Opsonin? What is it? Example?
C3b. It marks the bacteria and makes it a target for detection by a nearby macrophage.
40
MHCII
CD4 t cell
41
CD40 responsible for
Class switching
42
What are the antigen presenting cells? APC
Dendritic cells, macrophages and B cells
43
Which complement is responsible for opsonization?
C3b
44
Mast cells are involved in which hypersensitivity type?
Type 1
45
Basophilia (increased no of basophils) may be seen in?
CML
46
What are the activators of NKC?
IL2, IL12, ifn alpha, ifn beta
47
Renal cell carcinoma, which IL can be used in tx?
IL2
48
Which compound is abnormal in CSF in narcolepsy?
Hypocretin 1 (orexin A) and hypocretin 2 (orexin B) produced by neurons in lateral hypothalamus promote wakefulness. They are LOW.
49
Primary Dopamine metabolite -?
Homovanillic acid . Linked to psychosis and mood disorders
50
Creutkzfeldt jakob disease- which protein is elevated,
14-3-3 is high
51
Melatonin in csf is low in which disease?
Alziehmer
52
Which vitamin deficiency is related to squamous metaphases of pancreatic ducts?
Vit A
53
Riboflavin is vitamin B__
B2
54
Vitamin d deficiency causes?
Rickets in children and osteomalacia in adults
55
Vitamin E deficiency causes?
Infertility and decreases some serum phospholipids
56
Vitamin K deficiency can cause?
Coagulopathy
57
Grey white pseudomembranes w pharyngitis and tonsillitis , cervical lymphadenopathy, throat swab gram +ve rods
Diphtheria
58
Systemic manifestation of diphtheria
Myocarditis
59
Primary tx of diphtheria
Diphtheria antitoxin
60
Diphtheria toxin MOA??
Ribosylation and inactivation of elongation factor 2. This inhubits protein synthesis bc ef2 is needed for translation
61
Achilles tendon is a combination of which muscles?
Soleus and gastrocnemius
62
Forced eversion of ankle can cause damage to what structures?
AVULSION FRACTURE OF MEDIAL MALLEOLUS and medial deltoid ligament injury (rarer)
63
Inversion of ankle injuries what structure? / lateral ankle sprain
Talofibular ligament
64
Legionella - immunology signficance?
It’s an intracellular organism. Hence countered by cell mediated immune response. Intracellular pathogens that replicate within phagosomes eg legionellla and mycobacterium tb trigger activation and differentiation of Th1, via interferon gamma and cause IL2 release
65
Corkscrew shaped organism? What disease dose it cause?
Treponema pallidum , syphilis
66
Syphilis , causative organism?
Treponema pallidum
67
Syphilis treatment? MOA?
Penicillin G IM - beta lactam antibiotic that disrupts cell wall synthesis by inhibiting transpeptidase needed for cell wall cross linking
68
Fluroquinolone eg cipro MOA?
Disruption of bacterial dna synthesis by BLOCKING bacterial DNA GYRASE and TOPOISOMERASE
69
Adrenal gland - layers and substance secreted? In order
CORTEX
GFR - zona glomerulosa, fasciculata, reticular is
ACT - aldosterone , cortisol, testosterone
MEDULLA
catecholamines - 80%epinephrine , 20% norepi
70
Primary cell in adrenal medulla
CHROMAFFIN cells , stain purple
71
CHROMAFFIN cells are stimulated by? What does it secrete?
Stimulated by Ach
Secretes catecholamines (epi and norepi)
72
Perianal itching - organism?
Enterobius vermicularis
73
Pinworm treatment
Albendazole
74
Ivermectin used to treat?
Strongyloides, onchocerciasis
75
Chaga disease - disease and treatment?
Trypanosoma cruzi,
nifurtimox
76
2 Ketogenic AAs?
Lysine and leucine
77
Lambert eaton associated w which cancer?
Small cell carcinoma
78
Polymyositis / dermatomyositis diagnosed with what invueatiagtion?
Muscle biopsy
79
Weight gain, bradycardia, brittle nails, myalgia, proximal muscle weakness, cramping. Diagnosis?
Thyroid myopathy
80
Transient global amnesia - dysfunction in which neural structure?
Hippocampus is responsible for memories
81
Arcuate fasciculus damage causes what?
It connect brocas and wernickes area and hence causes conduction aphasia
82
Nucleus accumbens role?
Reward and pleasure, ROLE IN ADDICITON
83
Piriform cortex function?
Processes olfactory information
84
Pontine reticular formation dysfunction causes what?
Delirium as it’s normally regulates arousal, attention etc
85
B3 adrengergic receptors
Relax the detrusor muscle
86
Alpha blockers eg tamsulosin? Indication?
BPH, relaxes smooth muscle in bladder neck
87
Isonaizid MOA?
inhibition of mycolic acid synthesis that form the mycobacteria’s peptidoglycan cell wall
88
Ciprofloxacin MOA?
Fluoroquinolone , inhibit DNA gyrase
89
Rifampin MOA?
INHIBITS PROTEIN SYTHESIS by inhibiting bacterial dna dependent rna polymerase
90
Streptomycin MOA?
AMINOGLYCOSIDE, inhibits bacterial 30S
91
Isonaizid Adverse event?
B6 deficiency
92
Rifampin AE?
GI effects, red orange body fluids
93
Pyrogenic cytokines that cause local inflammation?
IL1, IL6, TNF alpha
94
Giardiasis. Immunology impairment?
Secretory IgA production
95
Duodenal atresia- enbroyological defect?
Failure of lumen to recanalize
96
Intestinal atresia NOT including duodenal eg jejunal, ileum, proximal colon - embryological defect??
Vascular occlusion in utero
97
Hursh sprung disease - embryological cause?
Failure of neural crest cell migration to the distal colon
98
Biceps femoris insertion points?
LONG HEAD Origin is ISCHIAL TUBEROSITY tuberosity , ends at head of fibula
SHORT HEAD - femoral shaft to fibulae head
99
Rectus femoris insertion points?
ILIUM to form quadriceps tendon on the PATELLA
100
Superior gluteal nerve injury manifestations?
Weak gluteus medius and minimus -
Weakened abduction of the thigh
Trendelenberg gait
101
Tibular n injury?
Numbness at sole of the foot,
decreased inversion and plantarflexion of foot and toe
102
Common fibular / peroneal nerve injury? Deep and superficial nerve
Deep - dorisflex foot and toe
Superficial- sensation to lateral lower leg and dorsum of foot
103
Compression from retroperitoneal hematoma - which nerve likely affected?
Femoral
104
Femoral neuropathy symptoms?
Quad weakness, decreased patellar reflex, sensory loss in ANTERIOR thighs
105
PCP (phencyclidine) intoxication - key symptom?
NYSTAGMUS
106
Filtration fraction formulae?
FF= GFR/ RPF(renal plasma flow)
RPF = RBF x (1- hct)
107
Myelofibrosis - blood smear finding?
Dacrocytes- tear drop cells
108
Antacid use can cause what vitamin def?
B12
109
Acyclovir MOA?
Nucleoside analog
(Incorporation into newly replicating viral DNA)
110
Viral protease inhibitor , eg indinavir- INDICATION?
HIV antiretroviral treatment
111
Oseltamivir MOA?
Neuraminidase inhibitor - prevent of Virion release from infected cells
112
Enfuvirtide MOA?
used in HIV, prevents viral entry into target cells
113
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor MOA?
Blocks reabsorption of NAHCO3 in the proximal tubule
Leads to INCREASED EXCERETJON OF HCO3
114
Carbonic anhydrase effects on
urine ph
Paco2
Serum calcium
Urine potassium
Urine ph decreases (loss of hco3 occurs)
Paco2 decreases (as compensation)
urine K increases bc when Na resabsoprion is blocked in the proximal tubule there is increase absorption of Na in distal tubule. This causes excretion of K.
Ca reabsortion is coupled to Na in the proximal tubule so it will decrease
115
Treatment resistance schizo- Management?
CLOZAPINE
116
Clozapine - main adverse event?
AGRANULOCYTOSIS ,, neutropenia
117
Protease inhibitors - suffix??
-navir
Mnemonic: (PROTEASE inhibitors NAVIR allow for mature viruses) 🤡
118
Protease inhibitor MOA?
Cleave immature precursor proteins into fragments which develop mature viral particles
BLOCKS VIRAL MATURATION
119
Indinavir- MOA and side effect?
Protease inhibitor
Nephropathy (problem INDi kidney🤡)
120
Ritonavir- MOA and side effect?
Protease inhibitor
P450 inhibitor (🤡 ritONavir turns ON other drugs by blocks p450)
121
protease inhibits general side effects ?
PROtease inhibitors
liPROdystrphy
hyPROglycemia
PROfuse diahrrea
122
Integrase inhibitors- indication?
HIV drug
Blocks integrases ability to incorporate viral dna into host dna
123
Integrase inhibitor AE?
High creatine kinase!
(🤡 think inteCKrase instead of integrase)
124
Integrase inhibitor - suffix???
-tegravir (literally has integra in the name)
125
Fusion inhibitors - 2 main drugs u need to remember
Enfuviritide and maraviroc
126
Enfuviritide - MOA?
Binds GP41
which is present on envelope , prevents penetration
127
Maraviroc - MOA?
Binds CCR5 - prevents attachment of virus
Homozygous CCr5 mutation - immunity to disease
Heterozygous ccr5 mutation - slower course
128
NNRTIs - 3 main drugs
D deleviridine
E efavirenz
N nevirapine
(🤡No No not in the DEN- story of dirty medicine dog pooping in the den)
129
Efavirenz- MOA? Specific Side effect?
NNRTI
Vivid dreams (🤡 efaVIVIDZ)
130
Which DOES NOT need phosphorylation to be active?
NRTI or NNRTI?
NNRTI
131
NRTI MOA?
Inhibits reverse transcriptase by preventing the formation 3’-5’ phospodiester bond in the growing hiv dna chain.
Able to do the above due to these chemicals lacking a 3’ hydroxyl group
132
NRTI Side effects?
You’re inhibiting a DNA process so-
Peripheral neuropathy
Bone marrow suppression (tx with G-CSF)
133
HIV med causing pancreatitis?
DIDanosine (🤡pancreaDIDis)
134
HIV med causing Anemia?
Zidovudine (🤡A-Z, gets ZID of hemoglobin)
135
AE of NNRTI?
hepatic failure (6 wks of starting)
SJS, TEN etc
136
Addisons disease -
Adrenal insuff
Autoimmune
ACTH does not increase cortisol
High ACTH release bc of no cortisol - high MSH - hyperpigmentation
HYPONATREMIA, HYPERKALEMIA, HYPERCHLOREMIA, non anion METABOLIC ACIDOSIS
137
Collagen types
Type 1, 2,3,4 - REVIEW THEM!! Watch video
138
Do George syndrome genetic abnormality?
Chromosomal Microdeletion
139
Digeorge syndrome and associated syndrome is?
Velocardiofacial syndrome
140
Velocardiofacial syndrome features and cause?
Seen w di George syndrome
Cleft palate, cardiac anomalies, dysmorphic facies
Occurs due to defective neural crest migration into derivatives of 3rd and 4th pharyngeal pouches - maldevp of thymus, parathyroid
141
Kartagener syndrome manifestations?
Infertility, situs inversus, chronic sinusitis, bronchiectasis
142
Genomic imprinting disorders?
Prader willi and angelman
143
Fredrich ataxia - which trinucleotide repeat?
CGG
144
B12 deficiency causes demyelination in which site of spinal cord?
Dorsal columns and lateral corticospinal tracts
145
Hookworm mode of transmission and main complication
Larvae in soil Through skin
Go to lungs coughed up then go to intestine
Microcytic anemia
146
Donepezil MOA and indication?
Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor
Alzhiemer dementia
147
What is reciprocal induction and 2 examples
Reciprocal induction is a type of signaling that occurs between 2 tissues. Both must be present for normal development
1- eye between the optic vesicle and surface ectoderm
2- kidney between metanephric blastema and ureteric bud
148
RPGN on light miscroscopy?
Glomerular crescents
149
Anti GBM disease - pathophysiology?
Anti GBM autoantibodies against alpha 3 chain of type 4 collagen.
Immunfluorenscence - LINEAR UNIFORM deposits along the GBM
150
Glomerulonephritis + pulmonary hemorrhage ?
Goodpastyre syndrome
151
Diabetic nephropathy - light microscopy classic finding
Nodular glomerlosclerosis (kinmelsteil Wilson lesion
152
Membranous nephropathy - immunoflorescwnce?
Light microscopy?
GRANULAR/PATCHY igg deposits along GBM
Thickened glomerular capillary walls
153
Granular (patchy) appearance of immunifluorescence of the glomerulus
1- PSGN
2- membranous nephropathy
154
Renal amyloidosis tests
NephrOtic syndrome
CONGO RED STAIN
Pink red amyloid deposits on congo red stain
Apple green birefringence under polarized light
155
Formula to calculate relative risk reduction RRR
RRR= ( Risk control - risk treatment ) / risk control
RRR= 1-relative risk
156
MEN 1 ?
Pit adenoma
Parathyroid hypoerplasia
Pancreatic tumor
3 Ps
157
MEN 2A
Parathyroid hyperplasia
Medically thyroid carcinoma
Pheochromocytoma
PMP
158
MEN 2B
Pheochromocytoma
Medically thyroid ca
Mucosal neuromas
Marfinoid habitus
159
Heme synthesis pathway rate limiting enzyme?
ALA synthase, cofactor B6
160
Going ALA cytosol
Cop me some mitochondria
(Mnemonic)
Aminolevulinic acid (ALA goes from mitochondria to the cytosol
Coproporphyrinogen moves from the cytosol to the mitochondria
161
Heme synthesis pathway - mnemonic
“ Get Some Additional Points Having Understood the Correct Pathway for Heme “
Glycine , succinyl coa, ALA, porphobilinogen, hydroxymeyhylbilane, uroporphyrinogen 3, coproporphyrinogwn 3, protoporphyrin, heme
162
sideoblastic anemia?
Cause?
Image?
Lab?
Tx?
ALA synthase deficiency (1st step in heme synthesis pathway)
B6 deficiency (cofactor) (eg. Isonaizid use)
Lead poisoning
IMAGE - RINGED SIDEROBLASTS
Labs - iron overloaded state , high ferritin, high iron, low TIBC
Tx - pyridoxine
163
ALA synthase deficiency - disease?
Sideroblastic anemia
164
Lead poisoning -
Cause?
Enzyme affected?
Image?
X-ray finding?
Physical exam finding of mouth?
Exposure to lead paint (children) or batteries, ammunition, water (adults)
FErrocheletase and ALA Dehydratase (FEAD=LEAD🤡)
BASOPHILIC STIPPLING
LEAD LINE on X-ray
BURTON LINE (Blue black line on gum)
165
Lead poisoning enzymes affected?
FErrochelatase and ALA Dehydratase (FEAD=LEAD🤡)
166
Acute intermittent porphyria symptoms? And cause? Enzyme affected?
5 Ps
Pain (abdomen)
Polyneuropathy
Port wine colored urine 🍷
Psychological symptoms
P450 INDUCERS (CAUSE) eg PHENYTOIN, BARBS, SULFONAMIDE, INDUCE CYP ANDDD ALA SYNTHASE
PORPHOBILINOGEN DEAMINASE
167
Acute intermittent porphyria - enzyme affected??
Porphobilinogen deaminase
168
Porphyria cutanea tarda symptoms?
Enzyme affected?
UROPORPHYRINOGEN DECARBOXYLASE
Blisters and photosensitivity
Worsened with alcohol
Associated with hep C
Treatment
Phlebotomy
Low dose hydroxychloroquine
169
PCT - enzyme affected?
Uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase
170
Condylomata acuminata vs condylomata Lata
Acuminata - hpv 6,11, hyperkeratosis, acanthosis, koilocytosis (perinuclear vaculoization) on biopsy
Lata - syphylis , treponema pallid I’m on dark field microscopy, dense lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate on biopsy
BOTH are verruciform lesions - look similar on physical examination
171
Condylmata accumunata causes what and had which association?
anogenital wart
Associated w HIV
172
Psamoma bodies seen in?
MENINGIOMA
PAPILLARY THYROID CA
MESOTHELIOMA
SEROUS CARCINOMA OF OVARY AND ENDOMETRIUM
173
Homer wright rosettes
Medulloblastoma
174
Oligodendroglioma
Fried egg appearance
175
Entacapone - drug class? Indication?
COMT inhibitor, reduces peripheral breakdown of dopamine
Parkinson’s
176
Bromocriptine - class?
Dopamine agonist
177
HMG Coa reductase inhibitors - side effects?
Hepatotoxicity
Myopathy (worse when combined w NIACIN or FIBRATES)
decreases mortality of CAD!!
178
cholesytramine - MOA and side effects?
Bile acid resin
GI upset
Fat soluble nutrients malabsorption
179
Ezetemibe MOA and side effect?
Blocks NPC1L1 receptors, blocking intestinal brush border transport ion of cholesterol
LFT ELEVATES
180
FIBRATES MOA?
Activates lipoprotein lipase (LPL) (which helps in breakdown of triglycerides)
Activates PPAR-a (which increases hdl formation)
181
FIBRATES side effect?
Myopathy (worse w statin)
Cholesterol gallstones (via inhibition of CHOLESTEROL 7 ALPHA HYDROXYLASE)
182
PCSK9 inhibitor MOA?
PCSK usually breaks down LDL receptors on hepatocytes
Inhibition prevents LDL receptors breakdown allowing reuptake of cholesterol into hepatocytes
183
Niacin used in cholesterol med. side effect?
FLUSHING !!! (Tx w nsaid)
Hyperglycemia
Hyperuricemia
184
Tinea pedis choice of antifungals?
Azoles eg clotrimazole
Allylamines eg terbinafine
185
Tinea pedis - organism?
Trichophyton
186
Candida choice of anti fungal?
Nyastatin
187
IPEX
FOXP3 missense mutation
Dysfunction of REGULATORY T CELLS
188
90 degree branching fungus?
Rhizopus causing mucormycosis
189
Mucormycosis manifestation and organism?
Rhizopus fungus
Sinus infection, spreads on orbits and brain
190
Tamoxifen MOA? Side effect?
SERM - acts as a agonist and antagonist
Acts as a antagonist on breast tissue hence is anti estrogen if effect
Acts as a stimulators effect on endometrial tissue causing ENDOMETRIAL HYPERPLASIA
191
Glial cells (name 3) and function?
Astrocyte, oligodendrocyte, ependymal cell
Provide support to neuron
192
Astrocyte function?
Structural support
Repair and detoxification
Participate in blood brain barrier
193
Oligodendrocyte function?
Produce myelin
194
Ependymal cell function?
Assist in production and movt of csf
195
Microglia function?
Defense and immune response’!!
196
Schwann cell function,
Produce myelin
197
Glial cells - immunohustochemisty stain?
GFAP (glial fibrillary acidic protein)
198
Neurons and neuro endocrine cells IHC stain?
Synaptophysin , chromogranin
199
Muscle cells IHC stain?
Desmin
200
Mesenchymal cells eg fibroblast IHC stain?
Vimentin
201
Neural crest delivery cells eg meloncyte IHC stain?
S100
202
Antifungal polyenes - examples?
Amphotericin B, Nyastatin
203
Polyenes like Amphotercin B , Nyastatin MOA?
Bind to ergosterol molecules in fungal CELL MEMBRANE , creating pores , causing cell lysis
204
Triazoles eg ketoconazole MOA??
Inhibit synthesis of ergosterol in CELL MEMBRAINE
205
Echinocandins examples?? MOA??
Caspofungin, micafungin
Inhibit synthesis of GLUCAN, a component of fungal CELL WALL
206
Flucytosine antifungal Moa?
Is converted to 5FU within the fungal cell and interfere w fungal rna synthesis and protein synthesis
207
Nyastatin main indication?
Oral candiasis
208
Griseofulvin MOA?
Interacts w fungal cell microtubules INHIBITS MITOSIS
209
Hemophilia influenza B gram stain?
Gram -ve coccobacilli
210
Warfarin induced skin necrosis
Pts taking warfarin and have an underlying protein c deficiency
211
Color vision alterations - side effect of which drug?
DIGOXIN
212
Radiation induced lung injury - histopath finding?
Acute - Alveolar HYALINE membranes
Delayed - dense fibrosis
213
Isoniazid is metabolized by which process?
Acetylation
214
Jarish herxheimer reaction?
Pt w spirochetal illness eg spyholis or Lyme disease can devp this after initiation of antimicrobial therapy
Fever, headache myalgia
215
VIR vanco infusion reaction
NOT A TRUE ALLERGIC REACTION
Non allergic reaction that occurs when vanco is infused too rapidly causing direct activation of mast cells
FLUSHING, PRURITIS, ERYTHMATOUS RASH
216
Short stature, short and thick neck, broad chest, shortened 4th metacarpal. Dx?
Turner’s syndrome
217
Turner’s syndrome - heart malformation?
Bicuspid aortic valve
218
Tumor arising in the sellar area in children , having 3 components - solid, cystic, and calcified
Craniopharyngioma arising from rathkes pouch
219
Superior gluteal n damage due to IM injection can occur in which quadrant of the buttock?
Supramedial (correct location for IM injection is superolateral!)
220
Cellulitis most common organism?
Beta hemolytic strep STREP PYOGENES
221
Pituitary gland - embryo logical derivative?
Surface ectoderm
222
Erythema migrans - targetoid / bullseyes rash
Lyme disease
223
Erythema marginatun - transient red plaques with sharp annular or serpingeinous borders w central clearing
Pt w untested strep pharyngitis in RHEUMATIC FEVER
224
Albinism - enzyme defect?
Tyrosinase (needed in melanin synthesis pathway)
225
Nikolsky positive?
Pemphigoid Vulgaris
226
IgE INDEPENDANT mast cell degranulation? Causes?
VANCO, opioids , radiocontrast agents
227
Osler weber rendu
Congenital telengtasias in lips, orophranyz, resp, gi tract
228
Scabies, tx
Permethrin
229
Hidraadenitis suppurativa pathogenesis?
Obstruction of folliculopilosebaceous unit
230
Dilated cardiomyopathy gene mutation?
TTN gene encoding titin protein
231
Human herpesvirus 6 - disease?
Roseola infantum
Maculopapular rash STARTS ON TRUNK and spreads to face and extremities (like a rose it goes from down to up face) VS
Measles and rubella where rash goes from FACE to trunk
232
Cellular receptor of the following?
A. Rabies virus-?
B. EBV -?
C. CMV-?
D. HIV -?
E. Rhinovirus?
F. Influenza?
A. Muscle Acetylcholine receptors
B. CD21
C. Integrity
D. CD4
E. Nasopharyngeal intracellular adhesion molecule
F. Resp sialic acid
233
Lhermittie sign?
Electrical sensation in limb and back in MS
234
Uhthoff sign
Symptoms worsening w increased body temp: IN M.S.
