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UWORLD micro shit > UWORLD MICRO SHIT > Flashcards

UWORLD MICRO SHIT Flashcards

1
Q

3 most common causes of nasopharyngitis (common cold)?

A
  1. rhinovirus
  2. influenza virus
  3. coronavirus
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2
Q

Nasal congestion & discharge, sneezing, cough & sore throat is what clinical illness? Is caused by what 3 common agents?

A 
Nasopharyngitis (common cold)
caused by:
1. rhinovirus
2. influenza virus
3. coronavirus
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3
Q

laryngotracheitis (aka croup) = commonly caused by what virus?

A

parainfluenza virus

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4
Q

upper rest tract symp followed by hoarseness, barking cough, stridor & resp distress– diagnosis? common micro cause?

A

laryngotracheitis (croup), caused by parainfluenza virus

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5
Q

Diptheria- micro cause?

A

corneybacterium diptheria

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6
Q

sore throat, cervical LAD, coalescing pseudomembrane- ddx and cause?

A

Diptheria caused by corneybacterium diptheria

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7
Q

epiglottitis- most common cause?

A

Haemophilus influenzae

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8
Q

sore throat, dysphagia, drooling & resp distress- ddx and cause?

A

epiglottitis

caused by H. inf.

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9
Q

bronchiolitis- caused by?

A

Resp. syncytial virus

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10
Q

upper resp tract symp followed by wheezing, cough & resp distress– ddx and cause?

A

ddx: bronchiolitis, caused by RSV

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11
Q

4 major classes of antifungals

A
  1. polyenes (nystatin, amphotericin B)
  2. triazoles (ketoconazole, flucanazole)
  3. echinocandins (caspofungin, micafungin)
  4. pyramidines (flucytosine)
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12
Q

what are the two antifungal polyenes and what is their mech of action?

A

nystatin, amphotericin B– bind ergosterol molecules in fungal cell membranes, creating pores and causing cell lysis.

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13
Q

antifungal Triazoles- list 4 and list their mech

A

ketoconazole, fluconazole, itraconazole and voriconazaole

inhib ergosterol synth

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14
Q

antifungal echinocandins- name two, list mech

A

caspofungin and micafungin

- inhib glucan synth (component of fungal cell wall)

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15
Q

antifungal Pyramidines- name the pyramidine and mech

A

Flucytosine- converted to 5-FU w/in funcal cell and inerferes with fungal RNA and prot synth

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16
Q

name the antifungal that inhib DNA/RNA synth?

A

flucytosine (pyramidine)

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17
Q

name the antifungals that inhib cell wall synth

A

echinocandins- caspofungin, micafungin

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18
Q

name the antifungal that inhibs the cell membrane

A
  1. amphotericin B and nystatin bind ergosterol

2. azoles inhib synth of ergosterol

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19
Q

most important toxicities of amphotericin B (3)

A
  1. nephrotox
  2. hypokalemia
  3. hypomagnesia
    - - caused because it accidentally binds cholesterol instead of ergosterol
20
Q

5 dimorphic fungi

A
  1. sporothrixx schenkii
  2. coccidioides immitus
  3. histoplasma capsulatum
  4. blastomyces dermatidis
  5. paracoccidioides brasilienses
21
Q

sporathrix schenckii are associated with…

A

gardening - thorn prick

22
Q

clinical presentation of sporothrix schenckii

A

pustules ulcers and sunq nodules along lymph

23
Q

lab diag w/ sporothrix schenckii

A

culture (25 C): branching hyphae. Biopsy: round or cigar-shaped budding yeast

24
Q

coccidioides immitis- assoc w/what areas? what form is present in the envt?

A

southwestern states (desert)- mold form in soil

25
Q

coccidioides immitis- clinical presentation

A

pulm form: fli like illness, cough, erythema

dissem. form: affects skin, bones and lungs

26
Q

lab diag coccidioides immitis

A

culture (25C)- hyphae

Biopsy at 37: thick walled spherules w/endospores

27
Q

blastomyces dermatidis: assoc w/what areas of the world

A

ohio and mississppi river valleys, great lakes. Found in soil

28
Q

Blastomyces dermatidis- clinical pres

A

pulm: pneumonia
dissem: common and severe

29
Q

blastomyces dermatidis culture

A

25c: branching hyphae
biopsy: large round yeasts w/ doubly refractile wall and single broad-based bud

30
Q

histo capsulatum assoc w/what areas/things

A

ohio and mississippi river valleys. soil, bird and bat droppings (chicken coops, caves)

31
Q

histo capsulatum clinical presentation

A

pulm: sim to tb (lung granulomas w/calcifications)
dissem: lungs, spleen, liver– painful oral ulcers, LAD and hepatosplenomegally

32
Q

histo capsulatum culture:

A

25c: branching hyphae
biopsy: oval yeast W/IN MACROPHAGES

33
Q

paracoccidioides brasiliensis- assoc w/what part of the world?

A

central and s america

34
Q

paracoccidioides brasilienses- clinical pres.

A

mucocutaneous: chronic mucocutaneous or cutaneous ulcers, can progress to lymph nodes and lungs

35
Q

paracoccidioides brasilienses- culture

A

25C: multiple blasoconida
Biopsy: cells covered in budding blastoconidia (CAPTAIN’S WHEEL!!!)

36
Q

what are the three most common anaerobes causing abcesses in alcoholics

A
  1. bacteroides
  2. fusobacterium
  3. peptostreptococcus
    all from oropharyngeal aspirations
37
Q

what do you txt a pulm abcess w/in alcoholic?

A

probably an anaerobe from oropharyngeal aspiration, but might be strep pneumo bc that’s the most common cause in general– txt w/ CLINDAMYCIN- works on 50s ribosomal subunit in bact/disrupts prot synth– GOOD FOR ANAEROBES AND AEROBES!!

38
Q

pneumocystis jirovecii RF? prophylaxis txt?

A

RF: CD4 < 200, oropharyngeal candidiasis
PROPH: TMP-SMX

39
Q

Toxo Gondii RF? Prophylaxis txt?

A

RF: CD4 < 100, positive Toxoplasma IgG
Proph: TMP-SMX

40
Q

mycobacterium avium complex (Mavium & M intracellulare)- RF? Phrophylaxis txt?

A

RF: CD4< 50
Proph: Azithromycin

41
Q

Histo capsulatum RF? Proph txt?

A

RF: CD4 < 150, endemic area (ohio and mississippi river valley)
Proph: itraconazole

42
Q

mech of aminoglycosides?

A

BINDS 30s subunit and interfere with initiation codon func– block assoc of 50s w/mRNA 30S – also leads to misreading of code/incorp of wrong aa in chain

43
Q

where do aminoglycosides bind?

A

30S subunit of rRNA

44
Q

which drugs interfere w/initiation codon functions– block association of 50 S ribosomal unit w/mRNA 30S? Which of these also leads to misreading of code and incorp of wrong aa into prot?

A

Aminoglycosides and linezolid. Aminoglyc also leads to misreading of code…

45
Q

which drugs block the attachment of aminoacyl tRNA to acceptor site (ie aa incorp)?

A

Tetracyclines (bind 30S)

Dalfopristin/quinupristin (50s)

46
Q

Which drug inhibits the formation of a peptide bond?

A

chloramphenicol (binds 50s)

47
Q

which drug inhibs translocation of peptidyl-transferase from acceptor to donor site?

A

macrolides and clindamycin

UWORLD micro shit (1 decks)

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