Uworld Cardio Flashcards
What is the primary result of loop diuretics on sodium and water?
Encourage the excretion of sodium and water in the urine
What limits sodium excretion caused by loop diuretics?
Reabsorption of sodium in the distal convoluted tubule
What cotransporter in the distal tubule counteracts the effect of loop diuretics?
Na-Cl cotransporter
What is the effect of inhibiting the Na-Cl cotransporter with metolazone?
Prevents reabsorption of increased sodium delivered to the distal tubule
What effect do loop diuretics have on calcium absorption?
Inhibit calcium absorption
What is the consequence of loop diuretics on calcium delivery to the distal tubule?
Increased calcium delivery
What effect do thiazide diuretics have on calcium absorption in the distal tubule?
Increase calcium absorption
What metabolic condition can be caused by loop diuretics due to their effects on hydrogen ion excretion and bicarbonate reabsorption?
Metabolic alkalosis
Which inhibitors can be used to minimize metabolic alkalosis caused by loop diuretics?
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (e.g., acetazolamide)
What is a common side effect of both loop and thiazide diuretics related to uric acid?
Increased risk of gout attacks
What is the effect of loop and thiazide diuretics on tubular glucose reabsorption?
Minimal effect
What type of inhibitors block glucose resorption in the proximal tubule?
Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (e.g., empagliflozin)
Fill in the blank: The increased distal tubular delivery of sodium caused by loop diuretics stimulates increased _______ secretion.
Potassium
What is the effect of adding a thiazide diuretic on potassium loss?
Amplifies potassium loss
What are potassium-sparing diuretics used for?
To reduce potassium loss
