UWORLD Flashcards
quad screen for down syndrome
- low AFP
- high hcg
- low estriol
- high inhibin A
initial prenatal labs
- type/screen
- H+H
- HIV/hepB/RPR
- rubella/varicella
- Pap
- chlamydia
- u/a
- urine protein
location of bartholin glands
4 and 8 oclock
soft nontender cystic mass behind posterior labia majora
bartholin cyst
condyloma accuninatata
gential warts
condyloma lata
2ndary syhphillus
HIV in pregnancy
give triple therapy
contraindication for synthetic prostaglandin
asthma
most common result of placenta previa
90% resolution
OCPs and cancer
decrease ovarian and endometrial, no effect on breast
contraindications for estrogen modulators
VTEs
enlarged uterus with irregular contour
fibroids
staging in ovarian cancer is performed with…
exploratory lap
sterile pyuria with vesicles
herpes
granulosa cell tumor produces
estrogen, can lead to endometrial hypertrophy
fluid in the posterior cul de sac in pregnancy
blood in abdomen, ruptured atopic
spontaneous menses after stopping birth control
1-3 months
most common causes of secondary ammenhorria
- pregnancy
- HPO axis
- endocrine
intrauterine synechiae
Ashmermans
homogeneous cystic ovarian mass
- endometrial chocolate cyst if young
- epithelial tumor if older
peau d’orange
inflammatory breast carcinoma - also breast edema and erythema
hcg increases until…
end of first trimester
indications for endometrial biopsy in above 45
- abnormal uterine bleeding
- post menopausal bleeding
indications for endometrial biopsy in below 45
- AUB AND
- unopposed estrogen
- failed medical management
- Lynch syndrome
unilateral bloody nipple discharge
intraductal papilloma
cause of HELLP
abnormal placentation, systemic inflammation and coag/complement activation
delivery time with HELLP
above 34 weeks
risks of OCPs
- VTE
- hypertension
- stroke
most accurate dating method
1st trimester ultrasound
persistent fever after antibiotics for endometritis
septic thrombophlebitis
treatment for endometriosis
combined oral contraceptives
time for quad screen
15-22 weeks
treatment for stress incontinence
pessary, kegels surgery
risk factor for ruptured placenta
hypertension and smoking
BUN and creatinine in pregnancy
decreased due to increased filtration
breast cancer and birth control
cant use hormones, use copper
pap testing starts at….
21
only indication for hormone replacement in menopause
vasomotor symptoms
reason for magnesium in preterm
lower the risk of neurologic concerns
weekly BPPs for?
high risk patients (think MFM) - hypertension
preeclampsia timeline cutoff
20 weeks
gestational hypertension causes…
placental dysfunction, can lead to preterm labor
first step in evaluating possible preterm labor
transvaginal ultrasound
med used for prevention of preterm rupture
progesterone
urethral hypermobility causes…
stress incontinence
non-reactive NSTs mean…
fetal hypoxia
Gartner vs Bartholin cyst distinction
involvement of the vulva
G/C screening
all sexually active women under 25
evaluation with recurrent candida vulvovaginitis
diabetes - A1C
benign breast mass
fibroadenoma
age which menses should begin by…
15
ovarian mass with septations and ascites
epithelial tumor
most common side effect of injection bc
weight gain
mechanism for gestational diabetes
increase in HPL, leads to beta cell hyperplasia and increased insulin resistence
intervention steps with cord compression
- maternal repositioning
2. amnioinfusion to decrease cord compression
low BPP indicates
fetal hypoxia due to placental insufficiency
most common side effect of epidural
hypotension
when can cephalic version be performed
after 37 weeks due to possible complications
signs of virilization
voice changes, male pattern baldness, muscle bulk and clitormegaly
indications for C section
nonreassuring fetal heart tracing, breech presentation, previous surgeries
meds to give for PPROM
antibiotics and corticosteroids, mag if less than 32
women that get adenomyosis
multiparous, premenopausal above 40
complications of vesicovaginal fistula
cystitis
STI with sterile pyuria
herpes
treatment for lichen sclerosis
topical steroids
thyroid changes in pregnancy
increased thyroid binding proteins, elevated total T4/T3, lower TSH
treatment of endometritis
clindamycin and gentamycin
pH in menopausal women
elevated above 4.5
asymmetric FGR
due to 2/3rd trimester placental insufficiency, can be caused by diabetes or hypertension
most effective emergency contraception
copper IUD
cancer risk in DES exposure
clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina
optimal fetal position
occiput anterior
next step after labor with herpes
c-section
reasons for AFP elevations
ventral wall defects, twins, neural tube defects
friable cervix
cervicitis or cervical cancer
physiologic leukorrhea
normal midcycle discharge
false labor
mild contractions without cervical change
labor MUST have….
cervical change
symmetric fetal growth restriction is due to….
chromosomal abnormalities, startes in first trimester
asymmetric fetal growth restriction
less growth of the head due to placental insufficiency
prior classical c section
contraindication to TOLAC
oxytocin is similar to what other hormone
ADH
effects of tamoxifen
blocks estrogen in breast, stimulates in endometrium
levothyroxine and placenta
does not cross
fetal hydantoin syndrome
exposure to phenytoin, cleft lip/palate, wide anterior fontanelle, distal phalange hypoplasia
risk for mag toxicity in….
renal disease
how to evaluate for FGR
pathology of placenta
itchy rash on nipple
Paget’s disease (adenocarcinoma)
causes of bladder atony post pregnancy
epidural and pudendal nerve injury
presentation with loss of fetal station
uterine rupture
protocol after molar pregnancy
serial hcg, contraception
how does menopause lead to urge incontinence
less estrogen = urethral atrophy = urge incontinence
contraindication to vaginal delivery
classical c-section
definition of aresst
- no change in 4 hours with contractions
- no change in 6 hours without good contractions
