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Pediatrics Clerkship > UWorld > Flashcards

UWorld Flashcards

1
Q

What is the classic presenting sign of osteoid osteoma

A

Pain at night that responds well to NSAIDs

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2
Q

What age does stranger anxiety present and when should it resolve by?

A

Presents at 6 months of age, peaks at 9 months of age, should resolve by 2 years of age, anything beyond that is pathologic and hence is termed as separation anxiety disorder

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3
Q

What organisms cause sepsis in Sickle cell disease patients?

A

Strep, H. flu and Nisseria

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4
Q

Of these 3 organisms, which one is the most common and why

A

Strep, due to non type-able strains that are not covered in the vaccine

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5
Q

How can constipation lead to cystitis?

A

rectal distention can obstruct urinary flow, leading to urinary stasis and hence cytitis

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6
Q

What are the 2 neurologic diseases that can cause constipation?

A

Spina bifida and Hirschsprung disease

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7
Q

What are the presenting signs of ALL?

A
  1. Hepatosplenomegaly
  2. Thrombocytopenia
  3. Blast cells on blood smear, on CBC have to be > 25%
  4. Fever, fatigue, lethargy
  5. Bone pain is a common presenting sign since it arises from the bone marrow
  6. Lymphadenopathy
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8
Q

Diagnostic test for ALL

A

Bone marrow biopsy

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9
Q

Parkland formula giving out liquids

A

At 8 and 16 hours

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10
Q

Klumpke palsy causes horners because of involvement of the ___ root?

A

T1

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11
Q

Erb palsy causes breathing difficulties because involvement of the ____ root?

A

C5

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12
Q

3 steps for renal infections caused by reflex

A

Renal US, followed by VCUG to determine reflux and then we do 2, 3 DMSA scan to determine renal scarring

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13
Q

IODM with reduced LV volume

A

Asymmetric septal hypertrophy, this is different from HOCM as children can outgrow this defect

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14
Q

Preauricular tags/pits

A

GU abnormalities and hearing loss, should be followed up with a hearing test and renal US

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15
Q

Presentation of fanconi anemia

A

Initial presentation is thrombocytopenia, neutropenia and then anemia, systemic signs are hypopigmentation, thumb abnormalities and hypogonadism (dont confuse this with triphalangeal thumbs which are a sign of Diamond Blackfan anemia)

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16
Q

Smal left colon syndrome association and first test performed

A

IODM, barium study

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17
Q

Key findings of Legg calves perthes that differentiates it from Transient synovitis

A

Duration longer than 4 weeks, persistent symptoms, limited internal rotation and abduction of the affected hip, positive trendelenburg sign due to atrophy of the proximal thigh muscle

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18
Q

Treatment of Legg calves perthes

A

Conservative management, splinting or bracing, NO IMMEDIATE surgery

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19
Q

Test for posterior uretheral valves to confirm?

A

VCUG

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20
Q

Physical findings of Edwards

A

Prominent occiput, micrognathia, rocker bottom feet, absent palmar crease, CLOSET FISTS WITH OVERLAPPING FINGERS

21
Q

Werdnig Hoffman

A

Symmetric weakness due to degeneration of anterior horn spinal cord neurons, autosomal recessive, death within 1st year of life

22
Q

Dandy Walker syndrome

A

Agenesis of cerebellar vermis, enlargement of 4th venticle

23
Q

Chiari II malformation

A

Herniation of cerebellar vermis through aqueduct leading to aqueduct stenosis and causing non communicating hydrocephalus

24
Q

Congenital strabismus and acquired strabismus treatment

A

acquired; patching of the good eye, congenital; surgery

25
Q

What are low in 17 OH deficiency from of CAH

A

CORTISOL + SEX Hormones!

26
Q

Cause and treatment of subconjunctival hemorrhage in newborn

A

Passage through the birth canal, no treatment is needed

27
Q

Interesting lab finding with chlamydia trachomatis pneumonia

A

Eosinophilia

28
Q

What is the gas pattern in rest of the GI in malrotation vs annular pancreases/duodenal atresia

A

Normal gas pattern in the rest of the GI in malrotation, no gas in duodenal atression

29
Q

Use of ACEi in neonates

A

Craniofacial abnormalities

30
Q

Use of warfarin in neonates

A

Chondrodysplasia and facial abnormalities

31
Q

What vitamin deficiency causes burning feet syndrome

A

B5

32
Q

What age does TAPVR present with and without obstruction

A

With obstruction, at birth, without obstruction around 1 - 2 years

33
Q

craniofacial anomalies, cryptorchidism, hypospadias, cardiovascular anomalies, cleft lip/palate, neural tube defects, and/or limb malformations consider _____ exposure in utero

A

Valproate

34
Q

Complications of rubeola and which one is most common

A

Pneumonia, meningitis, otits media and SSPE, otitis media is the most common

35
Q

Forshceimmer spots

A

Rubella, palatal petechiae

36
Q

Mentzer index

A

MCV/RBC count in millions

37
Q

Medications contraindicated during breast feeding

A

Lithium, cocaine/heroin/Antineoplastics

38
Q

Pure red cell aplasia is associated with

A

Thymoma, leukemia, Parvovirus

39
Q

Common cause of death in Duschenne?

A

Dilated cardiomyopathy

40
Q

Two doses of Varicella vaccine are administered in?

A

1 and 4 years

41
Q

Cri Du Chat syndrome

A

High pitched cry, mircocephaly, intellectual disability

42
Q

Most common long term sequelae of bacterial meningitis

A

Hearing loss

43
Q

How do you do UTI testing in an infant

A

Cant do clean catch in any one who is diapers, have to do urine cath clean specimen

44
Q

What does plethoric look signify?

A

Polycythemia most probably

45
Q

When is renal biopsy indicated for peds?

A

Child less than 10 with nephrotic syndrome who do not respond to steroids

46
Q

How to differentiate between Fanconi anemia and Diamond Blackfan syndrome

A

Diamond Blackfan is pure red blood cell anemia, platelets and other cells are normal, Fanconi anemia progresses from thrombocytopenia, neutropenia and then anemia

47
Q

What anemia is a misnomer and what is should be called

A

Aplastic anemia, pancytopenia

48
Q

When not to treat Acute OM

A

Age > 6 months, with low grade fever, and little to no pain

49
Q

Apgar score for resuscitation

A

Below 7

Pediatrics Clerkship (4 decks)

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