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uworld Flashcards

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1
Q

AEDs increasing bone turnover

A

Carbamazepine, phenytoin, and phenobarbita and valproic acid,

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2
Q

envelope shaped crystals, hyperPTH, distal RTA (hypocalcitraturia)

A

calcium oxalate

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3
Q

hexagonal green/yellow crystals

A

cysteine

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4
Q

antidepressants with short half-life

A

paroxetine, venlafaxine

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5
Q

labs for autoimmune hepatitis

A

ANA, ASMA, LKM-1 (liver/kidney microsomal ab), LC-1 (liver cytosol ab)

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6
Q

tx of psoriasis in intertriginious areas

A

tacrolimus , mild cases with topical steroids and calcipotriene

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7
Q

type of statin causing intercation with amiodarone

A

atorvastatin

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8
Q

SAAG

A

> 1 Portal HTN

total protein >2.5 = heart failure

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9
Q

bugs associated with bloody diarrhea

A

ET Ecoli
Shigella
Campylobacter

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10
Q

meds causing crystal induces AKI

A

acyclovir, sulfonamides, MTX, Ethylene glycol , protease inhibitors, uric acid (Tumor lysis sd)

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11
Q

gram positive bacilli in meningitis

A

listeria

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12
Q

gram NEGATIVE bacilli with meningitis or w/ neuro devices

A

pseudomonas , acinetobacter

tx with cefepime

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13
Q

Statin with highest risk of rhabdo

A

simvastatin

Especially if given with amlodpipine

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14
Q

Med tx for tardive dyskinesia (TD is called when due to med side effect)

A

switch to 2nd generation antipsychotic

tx with valbenazine or deutetrabenazine

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15
Q

how do you monitor dabigatran (pradaxa)

A

check thrombin time

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16
Q

drugs that inreacts with SSRIs and increase chance of serotonin sd

A

MDMA, tramadol, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors/serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, ergot derivatives, linezolid, and tricyclic antidepressants

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17
Q

brain ring enhancing lesions in HIV patients

A

toxoplasmic: multiple in the basal ganglia and frontal/parietal
primary CNS lymphoma: Single, large in subcortical white matter
abscess: grey-white matter junction with vasogenic edema

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18
Q

causes of transudative pleural effusion

A

Ci Ne Constrictive Heart

Cirrhosis, Nephrotic syndrome, constrictive pericarditis and HF

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19
Q

tx for ITP immune thrombicytopenia purpura

A

for plts <30,000 high-dose oral corticosteroids due to high risk of bleeding,
IVIG is steroids are contraindication

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20
Q

tx for HFpEF

A

aldosterone, diuretic & tx of exacerbating conditions

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21
Q

how do calcimimetic (cinalcalcet) work?

A

Act on calcium sensing receptors, decreasing PTH

so less absorption of calcium. CAREFUL in hypocalcemia

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22
Q

common meds causing drug induced optic neuropathy

A 
Ethambutol
Sildenafil
Linezolid
Bevacizumab
Infliximab
Amiodarone
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23
Q

what do you monitor in patients with linnezolid

A

CBC for Bone marrow suppression

eye exam for optic neuropathy

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24
Q

Complications of P vera

A

thrombotic events, myelofibrosis, AML

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25
how do you diagnose CLL
peripheral smear and flow cytometry
26
common drugs causing DRESS
anticonvulsants (phenytoin, carbamazepine) allopurinol sulfas abx (minocycline/vancomycin)
27
basophilic stippling is present in
thalassemia, IDA, alcohol, lead and heavy metal poisoning
28
Monotherapy with an anti-pseudomonal beta-lactam
pip-tazo, cefepime or a carbapenem
29
which thyroid nodules need FNA? based on scintigraphy
cold nodules
30
CT scan shows single or multiple nodules with or without cavitations and "halo sign" (nodules surrounded by ground-glass infiltrates). In patient with pneumonia nos responding to abx and neutropenic
invasive aspergillosis
31
test for invasive pulmonary aspergillosis and tx
galactomanana and tx with voriconazole
32
meds that suppress tsh
glucocorticoids, octreotide
33
Drug interactions with tacrolimus
Increase drug lvl: macrolides, azoles, protease inh, CCB, grapefruit
34
ages to screen for lipids
male>35 | female>45
35
microbiological indications for removal of central venous catheter infection
staph aureus pseudomonas fungi ie candida mycobacteria
36
phenytoin side affects
dose-dependent: rash, horizontal nystagmus, ataxia, slurred speech, lethargy, coma IV infusion: hypotension, bradyarrythmias
37
indications for early surgical management of IE
Valvular or conduction failure: Acute heart failure due to valvular regurgitation Valve leaflet fistula formation New heart block Uncontrollable infection: Paravalvular abscess formation Infection with difficult-to-treat pathogen (eg, fungi) Persistent fever or bacteremia despite >7 days antibiotics Embolic complications: Systemic emboli despite appropriate antibiotics Left-sided, mobile vegetation >10 mm & prior embolic event
38
Type of lung cancer in heavy smokers
SCLC: central aiway (hilar mass)
39
tx for TTP
plasma exchange
40
mononeuritis complex
painful, asymmetrical, sensory and motor peripheral neuropathy
41
how does acute radiation pneumonitis present?
antibiotic-nonresponsive pneumonia 4-12 weeks after neck or thoracic radiation treatment. Fever, dyspnea, cough, and pleuritic chest pain are common, as is leukocytosis. tx with prednisone for 2 weeks
42
purpura, abdominal pain, arthritis, and glomerulonephritis.
henoch schoenlein
43
statin with highest risk of rhabdo
simvastatin especially if given with amlodipine
44
Antidepressants in nursing mothers
sertraline or paroxetine
45
pt with fever, cough and XR with b/l infiltrate sparing perihilar region
eosinophilic pneumonia
46
Triad of MAHA, thrombocytopenia & AKI
HUS
47
indications for valve replacement in AR
symptomatic EF <50 LVSD >75mm LVDD>75mm
48
urgent tx for TTP (adamts13 deficiency)
plasma exchange, glucocorticoids, and rituximab
49
indication for washed PRBC
IgA deficiency | h/o allergic reaction with trasfusions despite antihistamine
50
indication for leukoreduced PRBC
h/o lots of transfusions pt at risk for CMV h/o febrile nonhemolytic transfusion reaction
51
someone with high protein grap, with hepatosplenomegaly, lymphadenopathy and cytopenias
Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia
52
how do you calculate RSBI (rapid shallow breathing index)
RR/Tidal volume in liters <105= succesful extubation
53
ECG findings in WPW, most common arrythmia?
Short PR interval | AVRT
54
Pts with WPW who gets catheter ablation
those with AVRT, Afib or asymptomatic but high risk professions
55
continuous cardiac murmur, HTN, diminished femoral pulses suggest
coarctation of the aorta
56
left interscapullary continuous murmur. its with headaches, maybe epistaxis, delayed pulses
coarctation of the aorta, associated with bicuspid aorta
57
most common organism in culture negative endocarditis
Coxiella Burnett (Q fever) from livestock
58
what age do yu start mammogram screening and how often
at age 50, q2yrs
59
typical EKG findings in Brugada (young male that passes out while at rest/sleeping)
ST elevation in V1-V3, TWI, RBBB
60
common EKG findings is ASD
RBBB (right atrial enlargement)
61
CHAGAS (trypanozoma cruzi) heart disease
dilated cardiomyopathy, left ventricular apical aneurysm !
62
Lithium and ADH
Blocks adh
63
Tx of lithium nephrogenic DI
Thiazides or loop
64
tx of methemoglobulinemia
benzocaine
65
HIV prep is
emtricitabine/tenofovir
66
Common causes of hypogonadism in males
Primary: congenital (klinefelter), drugs (ketoconazole), CKD SECONDARY (pituitary/hypothalam): tumor, cranial trauma, hemochromatosis, apoplexy Suppression: exogenous andogens, hyperprolacto, DM, obesity Hypercotisolism and cirrhosis
67
how to test testosterone deficiency
between 7am and 10 am vaoue <300mg
68
causes of osteoporosis in men
``` Hypogonadism (primary or secondary) Hyperthyroidism Vitamin D deficiency Diabetes mellitus Hypercortisolism Hyperparathyroidism Gastrointestinal Malabsorption (eg, celiac disease) Cirrhosis Inflammatory bowel disease Oncologic Leukemia or lymphoma Multiple myeloma Medications Heparin (long-term) Corticosteroids Anticonvulsants (eg, phenytoin) Androgen-deprivation therapy(eg, GnRH agonist) Proton pump inhibitors Calcineurin inhibitors (eg, cyclosporine) Lifestyle Smoking Chronic alcohol use ```
69
young man, atopic conditions, food impaction, intermittent solid dysphagia,
eosinophilic esophagitis : furrows and concerntric rings
70
MAHA vs AIHA
,MAHA has hemolytic anemia, can also hace spherocytes | AIHA has spherocytes and MCV>100
71
SPHEROCYTOSIS and anemia
AIHA, positive coombs
72
meds that cause hemelysis in G6PD (bite cells)
dapsone, chloroquine,sulfonamide , rasburicase
73
what can cause AIHA
viral infections, pnicillin, SLE, CLL
74
Lupus pernio
Sarcoidosis
75
Racoon eyes
Amyloidosis
76
Level A evidence supporting the use of five medications for migraine prophylaxis (5 or 10 episodes in 1 months)
(propranolol, timolol, metoprolol) and two antiepileptic drugs (divalproex sodium and topiramate)

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