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Uworld > Uworld > Flashcards

Uworld Flashcards

1
Q

Burning and stabbing pain in left groin since repair of inguinal hernia. Lightly touching the upper medial thigh or upper part of scrotum elicits burning pain. Entrapment of which nerve traversing superficial inguinal ring with spermatic cord?

A

Ilioinguinal nerve
Postherniorrhaphy neuropathy: complication of hernia surgery. Regional nerves may be injured during procedure or by postoperative inflammation and fibrosis.

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2
Q

Pt suddenly become confused and kept asking repetitive questions. No headache, abnormal motor activity. Pt awake and can state her date of birth. Ct scan normal. Temporary dysfunction of which structure?

A

Hippocampus

Transient global amnesia: amnestic symptoms resolve fully within 24 hrs.

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3
Q

Several months of moderate hearing loss and ringing in left ear. Left sided facial numbness, asymmetric smile and diminished corneal reflex. Intracranial mass in which location?

A

Between cerebellum and lateral pons.
Vestibular schwannoma: cerebellopontine angle tumor. Arise from vestibular portion of vestibulococchlear nerve. Facial nerve and trigeminal nerve are in close proximity

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4
Q

Confabulation?

A

the act of filling in gaps in one’s memory with fabrications that are believed to be true.

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5
Q

Where is the lesion in wernicke- korsakoff syndrome is located?

A

Mamillary bodies

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6
Q

Pts with lesion in broca’s area present with?

A

motor/nonfluent/expressive aphasia

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7
Q

Pts with lesion in wernicke’s area present with?

A

sensory/fluent/receptive aphasia,

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8
Q

Tight junctions are also known as?

A

Zonula occludens

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9
Q

Tight junctions are composed of?

A

Claudins and occludins

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10
Q

Function of tight junctions?

A

Prevents paracellular movement of solute.

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11
Q

Adherens junction also known as?

A

Belt desmosomes/zonula adherens

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12
Q

Function of adherens junction?

A

Forms belt connecting actin cytoskeletons of adjacent cells with cadherins.

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13
Q

What layer or junction loss results in metastasis?

A

Loss of e-cadherin promotes metastasis

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14
Q

Desmosomes are also known as?

A

Macula adherens/spot desmosomes

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15
Q

Function of desmosomes?

A

Structural support via intermediate filament interactions

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16
Q

Pemphigus vulgaris is because of damage to which layer?

A

Autoantibodies to desmoglein1 or 3 (desmosome)

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17
Q

Function of gap junction?

A

Channel proteins called connexons permit electrical and chemical communication between cells

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18
Q

Function of hemidesmosomes

A

Connects keratin in basal cells to underlying basement membrane.

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19
Q

Bullous pemphigoid cause damage to which layer?

A

Autoantibodies to hemidesmosomes

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20
Q

Immunofluoresence of pemphigus vulagris?

A

Reticular or net-like pattern around epidermal cells

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21
Q

Immunofluorescence of bullous pemphigoid?

A

Linear pattern at epidermal-dermal junction

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22
Q

What is osteitis fibrosa cystica?

A

Cystic bone spaces filled with brown fibrous tissue. Hemorrhagic foci and cyst cause by increase PTH.

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23
Q

Type 1 collagen

A

bone, Skin, Tendon, dentin, fascia, cornea, late wound repair.

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24
Q

tyep 2 collagen

A

cartilage, vitreous body, nucleus pulposus

25
Q

type 3 collagen?

A

skin, blood vessels, early wound repair, uterus, fetal tissue.

26
Q

type 4 collagen?

A

basement membrane, lens

27
Q

which histone is located outside of histone core?

A

H1 histone. It helps package nucleosomes into more compact structures by binding and linking the DNA between adjacent nucleosomes.

28
Q

Stellate cell function?

A

Vit A storage

Transform into myofibroblast to secrete collagen. ( primary cell in hepatic fibrosis)

29
Q

which gram positive bacillus cause meningitis in neonates and adults?

A

listeria monocytogenes. Neonatal listeriosis can be contracted by passage through birth canal, inhalation of infected amniotic fluid or nosocomial infection. Listeriosis in immunocomprised is from ingestion of poorly pasteurized milk, coleslaw, turkey.

30
Q

Osteocytes remain connected to each other by?

A

Gap junctions.
Cytoplasmic processes send signals to and exchange nutrients and waste products with the osteocytes within neighboring lamellae via gap junctions.

31
Q

Southern blot is used to analyze?

A

DNA fragments

32
Q

Western blot is used to analyze?

A

Proteins

33
Q

Northern blot is used to analyze?

A

mRNA

34
Q

Southwestern blot is used to analyze?

A

DNA-bound proteins

35
Q

Chromosomal abnormality in edward syndrome?

A

Trisomy 18

36
Q

Symptoms of edward syndrome?

A

. Dysmorphic features: micrognathia, low set ears, prominent occiput and rocker bottom feet.
. Hypertonia including clenched hands with overlapping fingers.
. VSD, patent ductus arteriosus
. Genitourinary: horseshoe kidney
. GIT: meckels diverticulum, malrotation
. On US: fetal growth restriction

37
Q

Chromosomal abnormality in patau syndrome?

A

Trisomy 13

38
Q

Symptoms of patau syndrome?

A

. Midline facial defects: holoprosencephaly, celft lip/palate.
. Musculoskeletal: polydactyly
. GIT: omphalocele, umbilical hernia.

39
Q

Symptoms of fragile X syndrome?

A 
. Neurobehavioral problems
. Prominent forehead
. Large ears
. Long, narrow face 
. Prominent chin
. Macroorchidism
40
Q

Symptoms of marfan syndrome?

A 
. Lens dislocation
. Aortic root dilation
. Arachnodactyly
. Scoliosis
. Mitral valve prolapse
. Cognition is intact
41
Q

Symptoms of fetal alcohol syndrome?

A 
. Short palpebral fissures
. Indistinct philtrum
. Thin vermillion border
. Poor growth
. Neurobehavioural problems
42
Q

Symptoms of klinefelter syndrome?

A 
. Tall stature
. Gynecomastia
. Small firm testes
. Oligospermia
. Infertility
43
Q

General sensation of anterior 2/3 of tongue is transmitted by?

A

Mandibular branch of trigeminal nerve (V3)

44
Q

COX-1 and COX-2 function?

A
Cox
45
Q

What is meralgia paresthetica?

A

It is compression neuropathy of lateral femoral cutaneous nerve at the inguinal ligament, typically caused by tight clothing or by injury during surgery.

46
Q

Symptoms of meralgia paresthetica?

A

Pain, paresthesia and numbness in lateral thigh above knee

47
Q

What is nonexertional heat stroke?

A

Life-threatening disorder characterized by hyperthermia associated with CNS dysfunction ( encephalopathy, syncope).

48
Q

What are the drugs that cause nonexertional heat stroke?

A 
. Anticholinergics ( scopolamine, amitriptyline)
. Sympathomimetics
. Dopamine antagonists
. Diuretics
. Beta blockers
49
Q

How past infected and vaccinated against HBV patients are differentiated?

A

On the basis of anti-HBc antibodies( present only those who have been exposed to virus)

50
Q

Different pressures in heart chambers?

A
51
Q

Great sephanous vein graft for coronary artery stenosis can be accessed at which site?

A

Just inferolateral to pubic tubercle

52
Q

Superficial and deep veins of leg

A
53
Q

Current standard for diagnosis and determination of mitral stenosis severity is?

A

Measurement of mean transvalvular pressure gradients via 2D doppler echocardiography.

54
Q

Metformin?

A
55
Q

Morphological appearance of mycobacterium tuberculosis under microscopy?

A

. Cells are arranged in long, slender, serpentine cords due to the presence of hydrophobic surface glycoplipid called cord factor.
. Cord factor composed of two mycolic acid molecules bound to disaccharide trehalose.
. Cord factor prevent macrophage mediated destruction within the phagolysosome.
. It also forms highly toxic crystalline monolayer on hydrophobic surfaces to form caseating granulomas.

56
Q

Maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein screening?

A
57
Q

Quadruple screening in down syndrome?

A

. Low alpha fetoprotein
. Low unconjugated estriol
. Increased B-hcg
. Increased inhibin A

58
Q

Leptin decrease produnction of?

A

Neuropeptide Y in the arcuate nucleus of hypothalamus

59
Q

Leptin stimulate production ?

A

Propiomelanocortin( pomc) in the arcuate nucleus. Alpha melanicyte stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) is produced by the cleavage of pomc and inhibits food intake

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