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Epidemiology > UW 1 > Flashcards

UW 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What does a two-sample t test measure

A

Compares 2 means

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2
Q

What does a two-sample Z test measure

A

Compares 2 means

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3
Q

What does ANOVA measure

A

Compares 3 or more means

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4
Q

What is Chi-square test for?

A

Compares percentages or proportions

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5
Q

What is meta analysis used for

A

Pooling data from several studies to analyze

Big statistical power

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6
Q

Which type of prevention’s goals are to prevent recurrence and slow progression

A

Tertiary Prevention

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7
Q

Which type of prevention decreases disease prevalence

A

Secondary Prevention

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8
Q

Which type of prevention decreases disease incidence

A

Primary Prevention

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9
Q

What kind of prevention: Health education programs promoting healthy lifestyles

A

Primary Prevention

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10
Q

What kind of prevention: Community BP screening

A

Secondary Prevention

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11
Q

What kind of prevention:

Exercise program prescribed to pts recovering from MI

A

Tertiary Prevention

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12
Q

What does NNT represent

A

The number of people needed to treat to prevent one case

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13
Q

Calculation for NNT

A

Inverse of Incidence Rate

1 / Incidence Rate

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14
Q

Calculation for NNH

A

1 / Prevalence

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15
Q

Top 3 reasons for Infant Mortality

A
  1. Birth defects
  2. Low birth weight/Prematurity
  3. SIDS
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16
Q

Calculation for infant Mortality rate

A

Infant deaths / Live births X 1,000

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17
Q

Maternal Mortality Rate

A

Maternal deaths / Live births X 100,000

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18
Q

Case Fatality Rate

A

Deaths / Cases X 100

19
Q

Proportionate Mortality Rate (PMR)

A

Deaths from specified cause / Total deaths X 100

20
Q

Increased specificity effect on PPV

A

Increased PPV

21
Q

Increased sensitivity effect on NPV

A

Increased NPV

22
Q

Effect of increased prevalence on NPV and PPV

A

Increased prevalence =
Increased PPV
Decreased NPV

23
Q

Effect of decreased prevalence on NPV and PPV

A

Decreased Prevalence =
Decreased PPV
Increased NPV

24
Q

In Bimodal curve, effect of decreasing cutoff point

A

Higher TP and Sensitivity

Lower Specificity

25
Q

In Bimodal curve, effect of increasing cutoff point

A

Lower FP and Sensitivity

Higher Specificity

26
Q

Cross sectional study records prevalence or incidence?

A

Prevalence
Chi Squared test
One time point

27
Q

Case control study is prospective or retrospective

A

Retrospective

Can assess Odds Ratio

28
Q

Cohort study measures what

A

Incidence
Relative Risk or Attributable Risk
Is Prospective

29
Q

What is Attributable Risk

A

How many more cases in one group?

Incidence rate of exposed group minus incidence rate of unexposed group

30
Q

Odds Ratio looks at

A

odds of getting a dz w exposure to risk factor v nonexposure

31
Q

Equation for Odds Ratio

A

OR = AD/BC

32
Q

Precision

A

Reliability

33
Q

Accuracy

A

Validity

34
Q

Measuring patient satisfaction w leading questions

A

Measurement bias

35
Q

How to avoid pygmalion effect or experimenter expectancy bias

A

Double blind design

36
Q

Late look bias

A

Individuals w severe dz are less likely to be uncovered in a survey b/c they die first

37
Q

What does p value measure

A

Strength or significance of data against null hypothesis

38
Q

What does small p value achieve

A

Statistical significance

39
Q

If p < 0.05

A

Reject null hypothesis

40
Q

Type I error

A

Rejects null hypothesis when it is true

41
Q

Type II Error

A

Fails to reject null hypothesis when it is false

42
Q

What increases power

A

Increasing sample size

43
Q

T test

A

Compares the means of two groups from a single nominal variable

Epidemiology (1 decks)

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