UV/Vis Molecular Absorption Spectroscopy Flashcards
what is present in uv/vis molecular absorption
vibrational, rotational and electronic transitions
what are the two absorbing species
- organic
2. inorganic
allowed molecular transitions
σ→σ*
π→π*
n→σ*
n→π*
λ range for σ→σ*
< 180 nm (vacuum UV)
λ range for n→σ*
15-250 nm
λ range for n→π*
200-700 nm
λ range for π→π*
170-700 nm
ε range for n→σ*
100-3000
ε range for n→π*
10-100
ε range for π→π*
1000-15000
molecules that contain unsaturated function group to provide π orbitals
chromophores
what absorption are considered for inorganic species?
- Elements of the first and second transition metal series
- Lanthanide and actinide ions
- Charge transfer absortion
what does absorption involve for first and second transition metal series
transtiosn between filled and unfilled d-orbitals
what does the energy difference between d-orbitals depend on
- the position of the element in the periodic table
- the oxidation state of the element
- The nature of the ligand bonded to it
what does a different position on the periodic table lead to for first and second transition metal series
a different observed λ max