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1
Q

PHILOSOPHY ethymology

A

philos - love/beloved
sophia - wisdom

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2
Q

a thinking mode or a method which asks
questions about the nature and essence of various
realities appearing on our earth (Laehy, 2008).

A

philosophy

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3
Q

it is a
manner of thinking about
the most basic questions
and problems faced by
human beings.

A

philosophy

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4
Q

First thinker about the
“self”
Self = physical body +
soul
Soul = perfect, immortal,
but limited inside a body

A

socrates

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5
Q

Dualism: the idea that the
self is composed of two
elements, body and soul
Three Parts of the Soul
* Reason
* Spirit
* Physical Appetite

A

plato

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6
Q

_____ proposed the idea
of the four humors as
determiners of personality
types:
Red bile
– Sanguine
Phlegm
– Phlegmatic
Yellow bile
– Choleric
Black bile
– Melancholic

A

galen

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7
Q

Believed that man, the self,
is created in the image and
likeliness of God.
The soul seeks God. It is
found through faith and
reason.
The self, since it is created
by God, is inherently good.

A

st. augustine

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8
Q

The Father of Modern
Philosophy
he revived the Greeks’
dualism (self is composed of
body and soul)
The very reason we exist
is because we think. We
are capable of thinking
because of our soul.
I think, therefore I am

A

rene descartes

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9
Q

Tabula rasa: the mind is
empty when it is born, and
is only filled with knowledge
through experiences.
It is our consciousness
that gives us an idea
about our self. Our
memories and perceptions
of who we are makes up
our consciousness.

A

john locke

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10
Q

There is no such thing
as the “self.”
The “self” is just bundles
of different perceptions.
Sensation: when different things in the
environment enter our senses
Perception: when the brain interprets
what we have sensed
The mind is contains two
contents:
Impressions: those that are
perceived from the
environment
Ideas: those that are created
inside the mind

A

david hume

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11
Q

The self is reflected only in
one’s behavior (kilos,
galaw)
Our consistent ways of
behaving forms our
uniqueness.
What you do = who you are

A

gilbert ryle

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12
Q

The self is only reflected
through neural
mechanisms. The “mind”
is not a separate entity
from the body, but is
projected from it.

A

paul and patricia churchland

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13
Q

summary

A

The capacity to think, feel, have motivations, behave, and to
have an identity can be separately studied from the
biological body, even if it is a part of it.
* Just like our body, our mind also develops through
experiences.
*Our self can be analyzed through our experiences,
perceptions, behaviors, or even through our biological
bodies.

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14
Q

a theory that says human beings are driven by sex (pleasure) and
aggression. Freud derived his theoretical
assumptions from his patients with mental
illnesses.

A

SIGMUND FREUD’S
PSYCHOANALYTIC
THEORY ON THE SELF

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15
Q

STRUCTURE OF THE MIND, the part of our
minds in which are
presently aware of

A

conscious level

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16
Q

STRUCTURE OF THE MIND, the part of the
mind that is not within
our awareness, but
stores our memories
and stored
knowledge

A

preconscious level

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17
Q

STRUCTURE OF THE MIND, the part of the mind
that contains
repressed memories,
immoral urges, and
sexual desires

A

unconscious level

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18
Q

When threatened by the
demands of the id, superego,
and the reality, the ego feels
_____. It thus employs a set
of techniques to ease itself.
These are called as ______

A

anxiety, self defense mechanisms

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19
Q

Memories are pushed back to
the unconscious to forget them.

A

repression

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20
Q

Declaring something that is not
true even if it is true

A

denial

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21
Q

Attributing one’s own urges,
feelings, and wishes onto others

A

projection

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22
Q

Showing a behavior that is the
exact opposite of what oneself
feels

A

reaction formation

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23
Q

Redirecting one’s urges or
feelings onto other people,
objects, or animals

A

displacement

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24
Q

Trying to justify why a certain
event happened

A

rationalization

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25
Q

Reverting to behaviors that are
observed in childhood

A

regression

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26
Q

Trying to be stoic and shutting
emotions when a problem arises

A

intellectualization

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27
Q

In Filipino terms, “bumabawi” –
trying to undo a bad thing with a
good thing

A

undoing

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28
Q

Sorting out problems and
dealing with each one
separately

A

compartmentalization

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29
Q

Redirecting an unacceptable
urge to a more acceptable
behavior

A

sublimation

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30
Q

_______
Each stage is characterized by a dominant part in the body
called as _______.
* Failure to develop a healthy personality during each stage may lead to ______.
* These _______ will manifest in one’s adulthood.

A

psychosexual stages, erogenous zone, fixation

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31
Q

Id is dominant
* Mouth is the most active
* Fixation: oral-aggressive or
oral-dependent

A

oral stage

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32
Q

The stage where toilet training
is emphasized, which becomes
a blueprint for babies to be
organized and independent.
* Fixations: anal-retentive or
anal-expulsive

A

anal stage

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33
Q

This stage is characterized by
the Oedipus complex – a
feeling of attraction towards the
opposite sex parent and wanting
to get rid of the same sex
parent.The importance of the Oedipus
complex, for Freud, is for
children to get the qualities and
characteristics of their same-sex
parents.
* Fixations:
* Unstable personality
* A distorted view of morality

A

phallic stage

34
Q
  • Characterized by a dormant
    sexual drive.
  • Children in this stage are more
    focused on play and forming
    relationship with their playmates,
    as well as focusing on school.
A

latency stage

35
Q

A stage where persons get to
discover and explore their
sexuality.
* If there were fixations during
childhood, it is in this stage
where those fixations are
manifested.

A

genital stage

36
Q

WHAT FREUD GOT RIGHT

A
  • Childhood experiences shape our adult personality.
  • Our parents are important figures in our lives during our childhood.
  • Our minds undergo development just like our biological bodies.
  • There are some internal struggles that we are not aware of.
  • We use several defense mechanisms to confront problems that
    bring us anxiety.
  • It is important to have a balanced sense of self for individuals to be
    mentally healthy.
37
Q

WHAT FREUD GOT WRONG

A

We are motivated not just by sex and aggression, but so much
more.
* Our motivations can be largely conscious, and not just unconscious.
* The existence of the unconscious is difficult to prove.
* It is also difficult to prove the existence of the id, ego, and superego.
* Freud’s view on human development is deterministic (you are not
capable of changing your destiny due to fixations)

38
Q

PSYCHOLOGY ethymology

A

psyche - soul/spirit
logos - study

39
Q

the scientific study of human behavior
and mental processes such as thinking and
emotions.

A

psychology

40
Q

Three Topics in Psychology Central to Our
“Self”

A

personality, intelligence, love

41
Q

defined as a person’s consistent
pattern of thoughts, behaviors, and feelings.

A

personality

42
Q

It is generally how we
describe people.
the building
blocks of personality.
considered to be
relatively consistent.

A

traits

43
Q

Traits exist as a continuum or dimension, which means each person has
a “level” of a particular trait. A person may be high, low, or average in a
particular trait. Traits are not categories (e.g., extraverts vs introverts).
* Traits are relatively consistent over time. Traits tend to stabilize by age
30, but changes may still occur.
* Traits are highly genetic and biological. Variations in traits are produced
by situational factors.
* Traits are amoral. Every trait, regardless of level, has an evolutionary
function.

A

traits of traits

44
Q
  • In the 1930s, _________ identified 18,000 adjectives used to describe
    people in the Oxford Dictionary.
  • To see the commonalities of these adjectives (or traits), __________ used
    a statistical technique called as factor analysis to reduce a large number of
    data based on their common features. Cattell yielded 4500 traits.
  • Further analysis reduced the traits from 4500 into 171, then into 36. The final
    analysis yielded 16 traits.
A

gordon allport, raymond cattell

45
Q

one of the big five traits,
_____ are those who enjoy
socializing with others. They prefer
being in the presence of other
people and are often energetic.
* An______ is a person who
prefers being alone or with smaller
groups of people. They are not
usually expressive when it comes
to being energetic. Warmth towards others
* Gregariousness
* Assertiveness
* Energetic
* Excitement-seeking
* Positive emotions

A

extraversion, introvert

46
Q

one of the big five traits, This trait describes people who are
thrill-seekers, open-minded, and
unconventional. They prefer
thinking outside of the box and not
on traditional ideas.
* People low in this trait prefer
routines. They may also highly
conform to tradition and express
dissatisfaction with liberal ideas.
* The tendency to fantasize and
daydream
* Aesthetic appreciation
* Intellectual curiosity
* Having unconventional values
* Thrill-seeking

A

Openness to experience

47
Q

one of the big five traits, This describes people who are
very organized, hardworking,
detail-oriented.
* People who score low on
conscientiousness prefer
careless and impulsive decisionmaking and are disorganized.
Confidence in one’s ability
* Being organized
* Dutiful
* Achievement-striving
* Self-discipline
* Carefu

A

conscientiousness

48
Q

one of the big five traits,
______ people are those that
are described as good-natured,
helpful, trusting, but also gullible.
* People who are on the opposite
spectrum of this trait are
antagonistic, critical, and
uncooperative.
Trustfulness
* Compliant and obedient
* Modest/humble
* Caring and altruistic

A

agreeableness

49
Q

one of the big five traits, * ______ people are often
described as worriers, anxious,
unhappy, and easily get
annoyed.
* Those who score low on
neuroticism are emotionally
stable, resilient, and are usually
calm.
Anxious
* Anger hostility
* Propensity for sadness
* Emotionally vulnerable

A

neuroticism

50
Q

defined as…
* The capacity to learn from experience, and;
* The ability to adapt to the surrounding environment.

A

intelligence

51
Q

Related concepts to intelligence:
* _______: the readiness and potential of a person to learn
* ______: the accumulated knowledge and skills of a person

A

aptitude, achievement

52
Q

_____ is the global capacity of a person to act
purposefully, to think rationally, and to deal effectively
with his environment ______

A

intelligence, David Wechsler

53
Q

One of the first to study intelligence.
* He claimed that intelligence has two forms: a
general form and a specific form.
* This general form is made up of the overall
capacity of the person when looking at all of
his/her specific intelligences.
* Intelligence can be represented by a score.
* This score known today called as the IQ.
* Everything that reflects your adaptation, skills,
abilities, can be represented by your overall IQ

A

charles spearman

54
Q

He believed that each of us has
different strengths and weaknesses.
* He listed different forms of
intelligence.
* Each of us has a preferable mode of
showing our intelligence, which he
called as multiple intelligences.
interpersonal, intrapersonal, naturalistic, mathematical-logical, bodily-kinesthetic, musical linguistic-verbal, visual-spatial

A

howard gardnar

55
Q

The Neurotransmitters/Hormones of Love, Involved in feelings of the pleasurable feeling when in love. It is
also involved in being motivated towards another person.

A

dophamine

56
Q

The Neurotransmitters/Hormones of Love, : Involved in feelings of happiness, enjoyment, and sadness when
in love.

A

serotonin

57
Q

The Neurotransmitters/Hormones of Love, Involved in feelings of alertness and arousal.

A

norepinephrine

58
Q

The Neurotransmitters/Hormones of Love, Involved in feelings of attachment and intimacy.

A

oxytocin (hormone)

59
Q

The Neurotransmitters/Hormones of Love, Involved in feelings of pain reduction.

A

endorphin

60
Q

The Neurotransmitters/Hormones of Love,Involved in memory formation

A

acetylcholine

61
Q

According to psychologist _____, love is a
feeling of delight in the presence of another
person.

A

Rollo May,

62
Q

According to _______, another
psychologist, love is not a feeling. It is a
decision. It is a judgment.
Love is a decision, it is a judgment, it is a promise. If love
were only a feeling, there would be no basis for the promise to
love each other forever. A feeling comes and it may go. How
can I judge that it will stay forever, when my act does not
involve judgment and decision.
In love, the paradox occurs that two beings become one yet
remain two.

A

Erich Fromm

63
Q

Four Requirements of Love According to Erich
Fromm

A

knowledge, care, respect, responsibility

64
Q

Robert Sternberg’s Triangular Theory of Love

A

passion, intimacy, commitment

65
Q

explain all combinations of the theory of love by robert sternsberg

A

intimacy - liking
passion - infatuation
commiment - empty love
commitment/passion - fatuous love
commitiment/intimacy -companionate love
passion/intimacy - romantic love
passion/intimacy/commitment - consummate love

66
Q

Who we are as individuals (____) are byproducts of the groups, society, and the societal
institutions we belong to.

A

self

67
Q

A concept developed by ______ and was later
used by George Herbert Mead.
* The looking-glass self refers to the interactive process by
which we develop our sense of self based on how we imagine
we appear to others.
* Other people act as a mirror, reflecting back the image we
project through their reactions to our behavior.

A

charles horton cooley, looking glass self

68
Q

three steps in looking glass self

A

imagine, behavior, evaluate, re-shape

69
Q

he extended the idea of the looking-glass self. The
interactive process introduced by the looking-glass self, when done
consistently, forms a person’s roles. Mead said the roles are formed
by significant others and generalized others

A

george herbert mead

70
Q

It is a set of expectations about how a person should
behave in certain situations.
*it form a big part of one’s identity.

A

roles

71
Q

When our roles give us stress…

A

Role conflict occurs when two or more incompatible roles demand
something from the individual
* Role overload happens when individuals fulfill multiple roles and
finds it hard to satisfy them
* Role confusion happens when expectations of behavior are vague
and unclear to the person

72
Q
  • It is is the process of changing behavior to fit in a certain role or
    societal norm.
  • Experiments tend to show that people would rather do this to
    groups even if they were wrong
A

comfomity

73
Q

in this experiment, participants most of the time would say that
the target line is as equally long as Line B just because
accomplices said so, even if it was obviously in the same length
as Line C

A

solomon asch’s experiment

74
Q

One of the most controversial and brutal experiments in
psychology. It showcased how people take on their
perceived roles seriously even if it is just make-believe.
In the experiment, college students role played being either
prisoners or prison guards.
* Even if prison guards were only playing a role, because of the
situation presented by their environment (make-believe
prisons), prison guards abused their authority and took the
experiment too seriously.
* The experiment concluded that people can do bad things
because of the situation and roles that they are in.

A

stanford prison experiment

75
Q

a behavior wherein a person yields to an instruction of
another, usually of an authority figure.
* We usually do this when the authority figures who are:
* Similar to us
* Physically present

A

obedience

76
Q

experiment
showcased how people would
automatically obey in the presence
of an authority figure, even if they
are being commanded to harm
others. The physical presence of
an authority figure may be a
determining factor for obeying an
inhumane command of an authority
figure.

A

milgram experiment

77
Q
  • Refers to the process by which individuals attempt to control
    the impression that others form of them in social interaction.
  • It can be conscious or unconscious
A

self-presentation

78
Q

Types of Self-Presentation

A

Authentic Self-Presentation: the goal is to create an image
of ourselves in the eyes of others that is consistent on how
we view ourselves
* Ideal Self-Presentation: creating a public image consistent
with what we wish we were
* Tactical Self-Presentation: creating a public image
consistent with what others wish or expects us to be

79
Q

Our bias to judge other people based on their personal dispositions
rather than their situations.
* “He is a drug addict. He must be a really bad person.” (even if drug
addiction is primarily caused by poverty and structural inequality).
* “She had a low score on the quiz. She must have low intelligence.” (even if
she was finding it hard to juggle her work and academics)

A

Fundamental Attribution Error

80
Q
A

UTS 101 (1 decks)

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