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Uts Flashcards

1
Q

Are highly
influenced by a person’s current psychological state of mind.

A

Erogenous zones

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2
Q

He believed that in
every stage, you should be able to overcome the conflicts in order for you not
to incur fixation.

A

Sigmund Freud

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3
Q

Is something that occurs when you are unable to
resolve an issue during any of your psychosexual stages.

A

Fixation

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4
Q

Mouth; Hunger or Overindulgence

A

Oral (0-18 months)

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5
Q

Anus; Withholding bowel or uncontrolled bowel habits

A

Anal (18-36 months)

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6
Q

Genitals; unable to cope with incestuous
sexual feelings

A

Phallic (3-6 years)

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7
Q

A phase of dormant sexual Feelings

A

Latency (6 to puberty)

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8
Q

Whole body; maturity of sexual interests

A

Genital (Puberty onwards)

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9
Q

The holy grail of survival amongst any known species on Earth

A

Sex

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10
Q

Is the key ingredient by which every creature
share.

A

Survival

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11
Q

Refers to the categories of
being Male and Female –
needed for the act of mating
to result in biological
reproduction

A

Sex

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12
Q

Biologically determined
differences between men
and women

A

Sex

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13
Q

Constant across time,
across different societies
and culture

A

Sex

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14
Q

Is about your
sexual feelings, thoughts,
attractions and
behaviours towards
other people
.

A

Sexuality

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15
Q

“the feelings you have about your
body and your confidence level in
how you relate intimately to
someone else.

A

Sexual Self Esteem

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16
Q

As for the other factors that push us

A

Biological, Psychological, Social

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17
Q

Dealt with the evolution of the
characteristics due to mating, rather than
survival, advantage (Darwin, 1859; 1871

A

Natural Selection

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18
Q

According to William Masters and Virginia
Johnson (1966) sexual activity is a cycle which consists mainly of four
phases:

A

excitement (desire/arousal), plateau, orgasm, and
resolution

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19
Q

Those who survive the struggle are by definition
not only the fittest but also morally the best. So
it’s defining ‘good’ as ‘survival. ‘ Whatever
survives is by definition good.

A

(Spencer, 1864)

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20
Q

Is the first phase in the cycle is divided into two. Desire
happens when we feel sexual urges after perceiving sexual cues or fantasies.
This part is purely psychological. On the other hand, arousal, shows several
physiological signs in both male and female. Like for males you have penile
tumescence or commonly known as an erection, while for females you have
breast tumescence (nipple erection) and vasocongestion which leads to the
lubrication of the vagina

A

Excitement

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21
Q

This is usually the brief period before
orgasm.

A

Plateau

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22
Q

In men, there is the feeling
of inevitability of ejaculation, followed by ejaculation itself. In females, there
is the feeling of intense sexual pleasure and contractions on the lower third
of the vagina.

A

Orgasm

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23
Q

Usually
characterized by the decreased arousal and sexual urge after ejaculation

A

Resolution

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24
Q

Subsumes the processes of intrasexual competition and
intersexual selection.

A

Sexual Selection

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25
Q

Love is divided into three different
stages:

A

Lust, attraction, and attachment

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26
Q

Lust is the first of the
three stages. Usually this stage is highly influenced by two main hormones namely

A

Testosterone and estrogen

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27
Q

During this stage our brain
releases increased amounts of adrenaline, dopamine, and serotonin. These
substances are called neurotransmitters

A

Attraction

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28
Q

During this stage, there is a strong feeling of
affection or loyalty towards someone or something. This is mainly caused by
two major hormones, oxytocin and vasopressin.

A

Attachment

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29
Q

Suggesting that
one male would indulge in reproductive
activities with more than one female.

A

Polygynous Relationship

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30
Q

Seems to be the norm by the
species of Homo-Erectus as this allows mates
to receive extensive reproductive from kin and
clan members

A

Monogamy

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31
Q

Having or involving many sexual partners,
regardless of class

A

Promiscuous relationship

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32
Q

Refers to the characteristics of
women, men, girls and boys that
are socially constructed.
.

A

Gender

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33
Q

Commonly known as the Philippine
reproductive health law mandates the government to promote medically safe
and legal family planning methods.

A

Republic Act 10354

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34
Q

Refers to how
a person’s behavior, attitude, or feelings can change when they are convinced
that they have received or experienced something which causes the change.

A

Placebo effect

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35
Q

Maslow’s hierarchy of needs

A

Psychological needs, safety needs, love and belonging, esteem needs, self-actualization

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36
Q

Needs such as food, water, sleep, excretion

A

Psychological needs

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37
Q

Needs such as security and protection

A

Safety needs

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38
Q

Social needs like friendship, intimacy, and family

A

Love and belonging

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39
Q

Recognition, achievement, respect from others

A

Esteem needs

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40
Q

Which is achieving one’s full potential and
creative needs

A

Self-actualization

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41
Q

The process by which we put to use material or economic goods is called

A

Consumption

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42
Q

It is a series of activities which usually
starts with the assessment of the resources needed for production.

A

Consumption

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43
Q

It has been theorized that the perceived self-image influences
consumer behavior (Sirgy et al., 1991). How you compare yourself to the
product can help you decide whether or not you should buy it. You, as a
consumer will often times choose products or branding that is congruent with
your self-image, or at least you perceive it to be

A

Self-congruity

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44
Q

There is a positive product image and a
positive self-image. An example would be when you want to stay
fit and sexy so you choose to eat products that are advertised to
have low calorie and fat content.

A

Positive self-congruity

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45
Q

There is a positive product-image and a negative self-image. An example would be when you take a supposed weight loss drink because you have a negative outlook on your body image.

A

Positive self-incongruity

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46
Q

There is a negative product-image and a
negative self-image. An example is when your uncle who is a longtime smoker thinks that it is pointless to stop because he already
has harmful chemicals in his body. He continues to consume
tobacco because substances like nicotine specifically has already
affected him.

A

Negative self-congruity

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47
Q

There is a negative product-image and
a positive self-image. This happens when you consume negatively
perceived items such as medicines for terminal illnesses with a
positive mental state because you believe you can still recover
from it.

A

Negative self-incongruity

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48
Q

This association you
create between the product and the person is due to… These are the meanings you attach to products.

A

Product symbolic cues

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49
Q

When you personally
create in your head thoughts about how the products are, you are then
creating

A

Retail patron images

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50
Q

In The SOUL BOOK: Introduction to Philippine Pagan Religion (Demetrio et al.,
1991), one of the exciting concepts of the soul is

A

Dungan

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51
Q

Is an old concept of the soul, according to Visayans in Panay island.
Imagine it as a kind of spirit that you cannot see

A

Dungan

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52
Q

Dungan only exists when a person is alive

A

True

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53
Q

The Dungan that goes out of the body is now called

A

Kalag

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54
Q

Dungan only exist when it is “together” with the body.
Whatever happens to the Dungan will also affect the physical body

A

True

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55
Q

Aside from being an ethereal entity, Dungan also means

A

Willpower

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56
Q

Are diety couples (Nabayra, 2014). The
wife, Buyag, could not bear any child, and because of that, they envy other
people who have children. (Mandaya tribe)

A

Buyag and Usog

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57
Q

They believe the soul
or Dungan goes out of the body during sleep, and then it appears like small
creatures – lizards, insects, or even birds (Magos, 1986)

A

Kiniray-a people of the province of Antique

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58
Q

They believe that the souls of their ancestors remain after
death and that they get offended if outsiders trespass their land (Rosales,
2019).

A

Tau-Buhid Mangyans of Mindoro

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59
Q

The Tagalog word for soul, kaluluwa, came from the word
“____,” which means two – implying that the soul is like an invisible shadow
that follows a living body (Arsenio, 1982

A

Duha

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60
Q

She argues that looking down on what Filipino ancestors
believe might lose the sacred connection attached to things.

A

Leny Strobel

61
Q

Highlighted folk religion’s role
in the inception of Filipino theology (Demeterio, 2012)

A

Isabelo delos Reyes

62
Q

Contributed so much to Filipino philosophy and spirituality through
the notion of “loob”

A

Leonardo Mercado

63
Q

Acknowledged the Filipino community’s inner values in developing a better understanding of Christianity in the Philippines – that you should translate your spirituality into social justice by seeing God in the face of the poor.

A

Sr. Mary John Mananzan

64
Q

He said that faith makes people weak,
claiming that “religion is an opium of the people”

A

Karl Marx

65
Q

He said that the “God” concept is a projection of what human beings want for themselves, a notion he says “theology is anthropology”

A

Feuerbach

66
Q

He said that
religion aids people to survive despite all the sufferings.

A

Victor Frankl

67
Q

He developed a psychoanalytic method called “logotherapy,” which helps people find meaning
in life by reorienting themselves towards their purpose. He survived the HOLOCAUST

A

Victor Frankl

68
Q

In logotherapy, there are three sources of meaning:

A

Work, love, courage

69
Q

As technology
advances, the world shrinks. More interactions with people with different
backgrounds demand modern society to embrace more inclusive,
multicultural, and ethnically diverse spiritual insights. The cliché “respect all
religions” is easier said than done because people tend to trespass personal
boundaries. To make it simple, just remember to appreciate religions the way
they are instead of judging them based on your own standards

A

Religious Pluralism

70
Q

Spirituality,
therefore, could be part of the inner wirings of every human being

A

True

71
Q

Refers more to the individual practice of finding purpose and peace.

A

Spirituality

72
Q

I came to the conclusion long ago that all religions were true and that also that
all had some error in them, and while I hold by my own religion, I should hold
other religions as dear as Hinduism. So we can only pray, if we were Hindus,
not that a Christian should become a Hindu; but our innermost prayer should
be that a Hindu should become a better Hindu, a Muslim a better Muslim, and
a Christian a better Christian.

A

Mahatma Gandhi

73
Q

He said in his works that spiritual experiences are “essentially rooted in the human psyche.”

A

Carl Jung

74
Q

He stresses that spiritual acts are the “peak experiences” of humans.

A

Abraham Maslow

75
Q

He said that seeking spiritual nourishment is a journey towards the “transpersonal self,” for instance, a Christian brings “Inner Christ” within him/her.

A

Roberto Assagioli

76
Q

A major proponent of neurotheology, concluded that prayer improves the human brain as shown in many religious people’s scanned brains – Buddhist monks, Christian nuns, Muslim Imams, and Jewish Rabbis, and Yoga masters (Newberg & Yaden, 2018).

A

Andrew Newberg

77
Q

Is not the only factor determining political participation; political behavior and political identity are crucial factors

A

Self interest

78
Q

Refers to how vocal or silent you are in expressing your political views.

A

Political participation

79
Q

Refers to the encompassing characteristics shared by a particular population, and this is based on what social scientists believe as “social identity theory.

A

Social identification

80
Q

The main point of the social identification factor is that your affiliation to a
particular group gives you a sense of SELF

A

True

81
Q

In simple terms, is the behavior to help other people without
expecting something in return.

A

Altruism

82
Q

In the manner, the main influences in concocting the Political
Self of a Filipino are the following:

A

(1) family, (2) history, (3)
education, and (4) social media.

83
Q

Has been one of the most prevalent and widely used political participation mechanisms in the 21st century

A

Social media

84
Q

According to ___________, Filipino identity has been constructed through revolutions till now.

A

Wan You (2011)

85
Q

One of the main
socialization agents, they primarily influence how you form your own political
views

A

Family

86
Q

Interestingly, one significant way of acquiring all this historical
knowledge is through_________. Through this social institution, we learn
about history, but we can also accept ideologies that the educational system
we belong to advocates.

A

Education

87
Q

Explores the phenomena of virtual self-expression and
the aspects that have led us to create a virtual/digital self

A

Digital self

88
Q

Is a communication tool that allows people to share and exchange information through the internet. It is like word of mouth about a thousand times faster. It has obviously been an integral part of our life

A

Social network

89
Q

Are at the third level of Maslow’s (1943) Hierarchy of Needs. Just like any of the needs in Maslow’s theory, we need to fulfil it in order to reach the pinnacle that is self-actualization

A

Social need

90
Q

Over the last few decades, almost anything had become virtually accessible, and the tangible things we used to bring with us has faded away. Information, communication, photos, videos, music, and even money are immaterial and have all been electronically turned into data

A

Dematerialization

91
Q

If you’re familiar with filters and avatars that are used in online platforms, then most likely you have experienced a __________of the self through your extended digital self. Commonly a phenomenon in online-role playing games and other platforms where we have the freedom to modify how we are perceived online.

A

Re-embodiment

92
Q

This organizes ideas about ourselves and immortalizes it in
a virtual platform. Just as how we are able to share and acquire information,
music, games, and other data forms; we too are able to share important
aspects of our self on the internet.

A

Sharing

93
Q

Social networking sites have been seen as relevant
to the psychological development among individuals between adolescence
and adulthood, and over the last years, even for fairly younger ones. They can
learn more about the culture and develop social skills through online
interaction among people of the same age.

A

Co-construction of Self

94
Q

Some aspects of our virtual storage system may also be just selected
parts about our life that we had aimed to digitalize. These narratives we have
about ourselves which we store online, somehow represents things about our
past – the same way paintings, sculptures and books used to present
memories about people before the digital age.

A

Distributed Memory

95
Q

The several digital dimensions that has aspects of the Self

A

Dematerialization, re-embodiment, sharing, co-construction of self, distributed memory

96
Q

Refers to the idea of getting out of the “real world” and go into a seemingly “fleeting yet better world”

A

Escapism

97
Q

The avatar you created in video games may manifest your ______

A

Inner desires

98
Q

Media psychologists call the feeling of getting more
excited in the virtual world than the real world as

A

Excitatory homeostasis

99
Q

Is already considered to be a psychological disorder under the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Psychological Disorders (DSM-V) and the 11th revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11).

A

Gaming addiction

100
Q

He criticizes that the isekai anime Goblin Slayer became an avenue where harmful ideologies like colonialism, genocide, and sexism proliferate.

A

Gottesman (2020)

101
Q

Inarguably the most complex object.

A

Human brain

102
Q

The brain is divided into :

A

Forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain

103
Q

Executive functions: thinking, planning, organizing, and problem-solving; emotions and behavior control; personality

A

Frontal lobe

104
Q

Auditory processing, language comprehension, speech, memory

A

Temporal lobe

105
Q

Perception, intelligence, reasoning, making sense of the world, language, sensation, reading

A

Parietal lobe

106
Q

Visual perception and interpretation

A

Occipital

107
Q

Two types of behavior:

A

Respondent and operant behavior

108
Q

An automatic, involuntary response to a stimulus.

A

Respondent behavior

109
Q

A famous experiment conducted by Ivan Pavlov, a Russian physiologist
involving a dog and food (stimulus), discovered something new. A
respondent behavior (in Pavlov’s investigation, it was salivation) can be
learned through the pairing or associating two stimuli.

A

Classical conditioning

110
Q

Means thinking about the way you are thinking

A

Metacognition

111
Q

Metacognition involves two processes:

A

Knowledge of cognition, regulation of this cognition

112
Q

If you want to understand better your way of thinking, take the

A

Metacognitive
Awareness Inventory (MAI)

113
Q

Generate your own explanation for why an
explicitly stated fact or concept is true

A

Elaborative
Interrogation

114
Q

Explaining how new information is related to
new information or explaining steps taken
during problem-solving

A

Self-Explanation

115
Q

Writing summaries of the texts to be learned

A

Summarization

116
Q

Marking potentially important portions of the
materials while reading

A

Highlighting/ Underlining

117
Q

Using keywords to associate verbal materials.

A

Keyword mnemonic

118
Q

Forming mental images of text materials

A

Imagery for text

119
Q

Restudying text materials again after an
initial reading

A

Rereading

120
Q

Self-testing or taking practice tests over the
to-be-learned material

A

Practice testing

121
Q

Implementing a schedule of practice that
spreads out study activities over time

A

Distributed practice

122
Q

Implementing a schedule of practice that
mixes different kinds of problems, or a
schedule of study that combines different
types of material, within a single study lesson

A

Interleaved practice

123
Q

Involves setting goals and strategically planning, while performance involves behavioral implementation and self-control.

A

Forethought

124
Q

Involves evaluation and assessment after learning.

A

Self-reflection

125
Q

Is essential for success in any area, and choosing well will prevent regret.

A

Hardwork

126
Q

Behavioral implementation will call for self-control and self-observation.

A

Performance

127
Q

“By failing to prepare, you are preparing to fail”

A

Benjamin Franklin

128
Q

He pinpoints a person’s belief as the culprit

A

Albert Bandura

129
Q

Our belief system can significantly influence the way we think, feel, and act.

A

Self-efficacy

130
Q

How do you develop a strong sense of self-efficacy? Bandura (1997)
discussed the following sources;

A

Mastery experiences, social modeling, social persuasion, and physiological and emotional state.

131
Q

When you do something meaningful and succeed in doing it, this accounts for

A

Mastery experiences

132
Q

You can increase or lower personal efficacy through.

A

Social modeling

133
Q

Can reinforce or diminish personal efficacy. Allowing significant people in your life to convince you of what you can accomplish can positively influence your self-efficacy.

A

Social persuasion

134
Q

The last source you can tap for self-efficacy is your

A

Psychological and emotional state.

135
Q

Believes that abilities are not fixed. Instead, these can be developed.

A

Growth mindset

136
Q

Rely on talents and skills as the only source of success.

A

Fixed mindset

137
Q

Growth and Fixed Mindsets Another theory that agrees that belief systems can influence our performance is proposed by

A

Carol Dweck

138
Q

Known for his studies of the effects of stress on the
human body (Britannica, 2020) coined the term eustress to positive stress

A

Hans Selye

139
Q

The World Health Organization (WHO) defines _________ as “a state of well-being in which every individual realizes his or her own potential, can cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively and fruitfully, and can make a contribution to her or his community” (2018).

A

Mental health

140
Q

How can you develop resilience?

A

SELF-CARE

141
Q

Is being able to see the brighter side of things
despite the negativity of the situation.

A

Stay positive

142
Q

Exercising and eating the right kinds of food is quite
the easiest to understand yet the most ignored. Among many benefits,
regular exercise improves blood circulation.

A

Exercise and eat well

143
Q

To add to our previous discussion on learning how to learn, another way to maintain our well-being is to learn how to take opportunities that promote self-discovery.

A

Learn

144
Q

What are your fears right now? Is it real, or is it imaginary?
To maintain good mental health, practice facing your fears. Say, for example,
you are afraid of public speaking. You do not have to speak right away to a
big audience.

A

Face your fears

145
Q

This may sound contradictory, yet that is what we
need to do, especially now that the pandemic has forced us to use our gadgets
more often in distance learning. To promote mental health, how about taking
time off from your devices: cellphones, laptop or desktop computers, etc. and
connect or chat with your family members, without the distractions of these
gadgets?

A

Connect and disconnect

146
Q

Sometimes, it is hard for us to admit our
weaknesses or faults because we are afraid it will make us vulnerable.
Ironically, when we acknowledge and accept our shortcomings, failures, and
seemingly unacceptable aspects of us, our mental health is strengthened.

A

Acknowledge and accept

147
Q

When was the last time you relaxed and had a good
eight to ten hours of sleep? Do not forget the health benefits of sleep.
Sleeping at the right time with the right amount of hours contributes to
productivity and better concentration. Remember those times when you were
irritable and agitated? Perhaps those were the times you had been sleeping
late. This time, practice self-care by having enough sleep and through
relaxation.

A

Relax and sleep well

147
Q

Lastly, do not be shy in expressing your feelings. The
emojis have been invented to help us at least describe how we feel through
social media. But we must also be comfortable expressing our emotions
personally, whether the feeling is pleasant or not. Remember, feelings are not
bad in themselves. It becomes unacceptable when its expression is to
intentionally hurt others.

A

Express emotions

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