Uts Flashcards
1
Q
two interrelated disciplines that contributes to the understanding of self.
A
Sociology and Anthropology
2
Q
Focus on how the human body adapts to the different earth environments.
A
Biological Anthropology
3
Q
the child now begins to see not only his own perspective but at the same time the perspective of others.
A
The Game Stage
4
Q
made up of elements that become separated from the individual or group’s control and identified as separate objects.
A
objective culture
5
Q
a domain of self that defined as felt experience of being.
A
experiential self
6
Q
the domain of self that an individual shows to the public, and this interacts on how others see an individual.
A
the public self or Persona
7
Q
what we would call an individualistic culture since their focus is on the person.
A
Western culture
7
Q
reflects the person’s own understanding of humanity.
A
ren
7
Q
can be known as the rigid consequence of the doctrine of normal human being. It is like forcing the concentration of supernatural capabilities.
A
Western Self as Monotheistic
8
Q
the propriety. Rules of propriety should be followed to guide human actions; conforms to the norms of humanity, thus one must fulfill their duties
A
Li
8
Q
characterized the way we define our existence, also these refers on how we organized our experiences that are reflected to our behavior.
A
Self and Personality
8
Q
because in itself it can exist. Its distinctness allows it to be__________ with its own thoughts, characteristics, and volition.
A
Self-contained and independent
9
Q
means that a particular self’s traits, characteristics, tendencies, and potentialities are more or less the same.
A
Consistency
10
Q
in that it is the center of all experiences and thoughts that run through a certain person
A
Unitary
11
Q
means that each person sorts out information, feelings and
emotions, and thought processes within the self. This whole process is never accessible to anyone but the self.
A
private
12
Q
the theatrical masks worn by Romans in Greek and Latin drama.
A
Persona
13
Q
also comes from the two Latin words “per” and “sonare”, which literally means “to sound through”.
A
Personality
14
Q
The surroundings of an individual compose the ______________________. This includes the neighborhood a person lives in, his school, college, university and workplace.
A
Environmental Factors of Personality
15
Q
can be commonly observed when a person behaves contrastingly and exhibits different traits and characteristics.
A
Situational Factors of Personality.
16
Q
traditionally considered as the major determinants of an individual’s personality.
A
Cultural Factors.
17
Q
Understanding of who you are as a person is called
A
self-concept
18
Q
defined as the study of knowledge or wisdom
A
Philosophy
19
Q
were the ones who seriously questioned myths
A
Greek Philosophers
20
Q
group of early Greek philosophers, most of whom were born before Socrates,
A
Pre-Socratics
21
was more concerned with another subject, the problem of the self.
Socrates
22
the method of inquiry and instruction consisting of a series of questionings the object of which is to elicit a clear and consistent expression of something supposed to be implicitly known by all rational beings.
Socratic Method
23
the one that is changeable, temporal, and imperfect. The best example of the _______ is the physical world.
physical realm
24
the one that is imperfect and unchanging, eternal, and immortal.
Ideal Realm
25
-a human is composed of body and soul, the first belongs to the physical realm because it changed, it is imperfect, and it dies, and the latter belongs to ideal realm for it survives the death.
-immortal and unified entity that is consistent over time.
Socrates
26
who introduced the idea of a three part soul/self
plato
27
-called this as divine essence.
-make wise choices and achieve a true understanding of eternal truths
reason
28
the basic biological needs of human being
Appetite
29
the basic emotions of human being
Spirit
30
According to St. Augustine, the human nature is composed of two realms
1.God as the source of all reality and truth
2. The sinfulness of man
31
-He explained that in order to gain true knowledge, one must doubt everything, even own existence.
-Founder of modern philosophy
Rene Descartes
32
"cogito, ergo sum"
"I think therefore I am"
33
The self, according to ______ is consciousness.
John Locke
34
the mind in its hypothetical primary blank or empty state before receiving outside impressions.
Tabula Rasa
35
the school of thought that espouses the idea that knowledge can only be possible if it is sensed and experienced. Men can only attain knowledge by experiencing.
Empiricism
36
he assumed that there is no self
David Hume
37
the basic sensations of our experience, the elemental data of our minds: pain, pleasure, heat, cold, happiness, grief, fear, exhilaration, and so on.
Impressions
38
copies of impressions that include thoughts and images that are built up from our primary impressions through a variety of relationships.
Ideas
39
considered that the self does not exist because all of the experiences that a person may have are just perceptions and this includes the perception of self.
David Hume
40
-the Father of Psychoanalysis.
proposed how mind works, he called this as provinces or structures of the mind.
Sigmund Freud
41
governed by reality principle.
conscious self
42
governed by pleasure principle.
unconscious self
43
The three provinces of the mind are:
id, ego, superego
44
It demands immediate satisfaction and is not hindered by societal expectations.
Id
45
This mediates between the impulses of the id and restraints of the superego.
ego
46
This is primarily dependent on learning the difference between right and wrong,
superego
47
was coined by Patricia Churchland, the modern scientific inquiry looks into the application of neurology to age-old problems in philosophy
Neurophilosophy
48
one of the many philosophers and psychologists that viewed the self from a materialistic point of view
Paul Churchland
49
According to him, the division between the "mind" and the "body" is a product of confused thinking. The self is experienced as a unity in which the mental and physical are seamlessly woven together; dismisses the Cartesian Dualism that has spelled so much devastation in the history of man.
Maurice Merleau-Ponty
50
presents the self as a product of modern society.
Sociology
51
The four subfields of anthropology
Archeology, Biological Anthropology, Linguistics, and Cultural
Anthropology,
52
Focus on the study of the past and how it may have contributed to the present ways of how people conduct their daily lives.
Archeology
53
Focused on using language as means to discover a group's manner of social interaction and
their worldview.
Linguistic Anthropology
54
Focused in knowing what makes one group's manner of living forms an essential part of the member's personal and societal identity.
Cultural Anthropology
55
These are the words, gestures, pictures or objects that have recognized or accepted meaning in a particular culture
Symbols
56
persons from the past or present who have characteristics that are important in culture. They may be real of work of fictions.
heroes
57
These are activities participated by a group of people for the fulfilment of desired objectives and are concerned to be socially essential.
Rituals
58
These are considered to be the core of every culture
Values
59
According to __________, every self has two faces: personne and moi.
Marcel Mauss
60
person's basic identity.
moi
61
composed of the social concepts of what it means to be who he is.
Personne
62
another interesting aspect of social constructivism.
language
63
Example of interesting facet of our language is its being _____
gender-neutral
64
have been seen to display a degree of modesty.
Japanese people
65
born virtually helpless and the dependency period of a human baby to its parents for nurturing is relatively longer than most other animals.
human being
66
Without _________, biologically and sociologically, a person may not even survive or become a human person
family
67
one of those loci of the self that is subject to alteration, change, and development.
Gender
68
argues that because mothers take the role of taking care of children, there is a tendency for girls to imitate the same and reproduce the same kind of mentality of women as care providers in the family.
Nancy Chodorow
69
the self is created and developed through human interaction.
Symbolic Interactionism
70
the three forms of inter-subjective activity,
language, play, and game
71
Skills at knowing and understanding the symbols of communication is important for this constitutes the basis of socialization.
play stage
72
the phase that responds to the attitude of generalized other; response to the "me"
the "I"
73
refers to the ability to embrace, use, and feel culture.
subjective culture
74
the process that moves people from country to city living.
Urbanization
75
creates a universal value system wherein every commodity can be understood; increases individual freedom by pursuing diverse activities and by increasing the options for self-expression; discouraged intimate ties with people.
money
76
group membership is due to rational motivation or
membership due to freedom of choice.
modern urban settings
77
a situation that demands a person of two or more roles that clash with one another.
role conflict
78
is an attitude of absolute boredom and lack of concern; the inability or limited ability to provide emotional investment to other people.
Blasé Attitude
79
Anthropology Professor at the University of Chicago. He studied different cultures and explored on the conception of the self; The Self Embedded in the Culture
Clifford Geertz
80
stating facts without such meaning or significance; In India culture; In Turkish culture
thin description
81
defined as self-knowledge; Actual Self
self-concept
82
According to the psychologist Dr.Bruce A. Bracken in 1992, there are six specific domains that are related to self-concept these are:
Social, competence, affect, physical, academic, and family domain
83
self-awareness can be too much that we are concerned about being observed and criticized by others, also known as
self-consciousness
84
Our group identity and self-awareness also has a great impact on our _____
self-esteem
85
more common type of comparing ourselves with others, by comparing ourselves with those who are worse off than us.
downward social comparison
86
comparing ourselves with those who are better off than us.
upward social comparison
87
well-known figure in Psychology who is considered as the founder of functionalism; made a clear distinction between ways of approaching the self: Me-Self and I-Self
William James
88
the knower; subjective
the I - Self
89
the known; objective
the Me - Self
90
(known today as self-concept)
Me viewed as material, the Me viewed as social, and the Me viewed as
spiritual in nature.
91
consists of everything an individual call uniquely as their own, such as the body, family, home or style of dress.
The material self
92
refers to the individual inner or subjective being.
spiritual self
93
best known as the founder of client-centered therapy and considered as one of the prominent humanistic or existential theorists in personality; Real Self and Ideal Self
Carl Rogers
94
includes all those aspects of one's identity that are perceived in awareness. These are the things that are known to oneself like the attributes that an individual possesses.
real self
95
defined as one's view of self as one wishes to be. This contains all the aspirations or wishes of an individual for themselves.
ideal self
96
perceive little discrepancy between their self-concept and what they ideally would like to be.
Psychologically healthy individuals
97
According to ________, there are different aspects of the self exist in an individual.
Multiple Selves Theory
98
proposed the Tripartite Model of Human Consciousness, wherein he described that self is consist of three related, but also separable domains these are the experimental self, private self, and public self.
Gregg Henriques
99
essentially connected to consciousness, awareness, and agency.
Unified being
100
pediatrician in London who studied Psychoanalysis with
Melanie Klein, a renowned personality theorist and one of the pioneers in object relations and development of personality in childhood; True versus False Self
Donald Winnicott
101
an alternative personality used to protect an individual's true identity or one's ability to "hide" the real self; activated to maintain social relationship as anticipation of the demands of others.
false self
102
often associated with men and people in urban settings.
Individualist characteristics
103
the idea that the fundamental unit of the human species that thinks, lives, and acts toward goals is not the individual, but some group.
Collectivism
104
known to be collective in nature.
Asian countries
105
called a collectivistic culture as the group and social relations that is given more importance than individual needs and wants.
Asian culture
106
Real things are not only visualized but immaterial things like thoughts, ideas and memories would be given emphasis.
Western Self as Analytic
107
five (5) relationships
father and son, ruler and subject, older and younger brothers, husband and wife, friend and friend.
108
the filiality; This is the virtue of reverence and respect for the family
Xiao
109
the rightness; The right way of behaving which is unconditional and absolute. Right is right, and what is not right is wrong.
yi
110
emphasizes harmony between humans and the natural world.
Taoism
111
The self is seen as an illusion, born out of ignorance, of trying to hold and control things, or human-centered needs;
Buddhism
111
black in ying yang
ying
112
to renounce the self which is the cause of all suffering and in doing so, attain the state of
Nirvana
113
is not the person itself no matter how intimately bound it is with the bearer.
Name
114
means that the self is distinct from other selves. The self is always unique and has its own identity.
separate
115
have no single definition since different personality theories have different views on how to define it.
Personality
116
This describes the tendency of the person to appear and behave the way their parents are
hereditary factors
117
include the overall physical structure of a person: height, weight, color, sex, beauty and body language, etc. Most of the physical structures change from time to time, and so does the personality.
physical features
118
behavior might come from the
study of the _______
brain.
119
understanding what your motives are when you act is called
self-understanding.
120
considered as "The Queen of All Sciences"
philosophy
121
self is dichotomous which means composed of two
things:
physical realm and ideal realm
122
He concluded, "That the body is united with the soul, so that man may be entire and complete, is a fact we recognize on the evidence of our own nature."
St. Augustine
123
that assumes the nurture side of human development.
tabula rasa or blank slate
124
The dualistic view of self by Freud involves ______ and _________.
conscious self and unconscious self.
125
life instincts; promote quest for survival
Eros
126
The death instinct, reflected in aggressive, destructive, and self-destructive actions.
thanatos
127
the self is best understood as a pattern of behavior; He was an important figure in the field of Linguistic Analysis which focused on the solving of philosophical puzzles through an analysis of language.
Gilbert Ryle
128
The self is the product of reason, a regulative principle because the self regulates experience by making unified experience possible and unlike Hume
Immanuel Kant
129
that the concepts and theoretical vocabulary that people use to
think about the selves
Churchland's central argument
130
claimed that man's brain is responsible for the identity known as self.
Patricia Churchland
131
the study of humanity. This broad field takes an interdisciplinary approach to looking at human culture, both past and present.
Anthropology
132
The following are the ways in which culture may manifest itself in people
symbols, heroes, rituals, values
133
more likely to attribute being unique to themselves and claim that they are better than most people in doing what they love doing.
North Americans
134
the three resources available to us
Human, spiritual, economic
135
most part are expected to provide for the family.
husbands
136
He claimed that the self is something which undergoes development because it is not present instantly at birth.
George Herbert Mead
137
At this stage, children's behaviors are primarily based on imitation.
preparatory stage
138
the phase which reflects the attitude of the generalized other; the social self
the "me"
139
proposed that there is something called human nature that is
innate to the individual. He also added that most of our social interactions are individual motivations; German sociologist, philosopher, and critic; The Self as a product of modern society among other constructions
Georg Simmel
140
definitely different from rural settings wherein the relationship are strongly influenced by family.
Group affiliations
141
provide enough context so that a person outside the culture can make meaning of the behavior; Crossing Fingers
thick description
142
A scientific study of mental processes and human behavior. It aims to describe, analyze, predict, control human behavior in general.
Psychology
143
When we are aware of our self-concepts this is also called; may be positive or negative
self-awareness.
144
refers to the recognition an individual get from other people.
social self
145
a portion of self that verbally narrates what is happening and tries to make sense of what is going on.
private self
146
has a sense of integrity and connected wholeness that is rooted in early infancy. The baby creates experiences of a sense of reality and sense of life worth living.
true self
147
the idea that the fundamental unit of the human species that thinks, lives, and acts toward goals is the individual.
Individualism
148
direct and indirect effects on both the presentation of self (in public ways) and the experience of the self (in private awareness).
Western Self as Individualistic
149
scientific approach to reality has tended to define spiritual and immaterial phenomena as potentially superstitious and dangerous.
Western Self as materialistic and rationalistic
150
centered on ren which can be manifested through the li (propriety), xiao (filiality), and yi (rightness); A code of ethical conduct, of how one should properly act according to his/her relationship with other people
Confucianism
151
white in yin yang
Yang
