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Understanding the Self > Uts > Flashcards

Uts Flashcards

1
Q

two interrelated disciplines that contributes to the understanding of self.

A

Sociology and Anthropology

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2
Q

Focus on how the human body adapts to the different earth environments.

A

Biological Anthropology

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3
Q

the child now begins to see not only his own perspective but at the same time the perspective of others.

A

The Game Stage

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4
Q

made up of elements that become separated from the individual or group’s control and identified as separate objects.

A

objective culture

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5
Q

a domain of self that defined as felt experience of being.

A

experiential self

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6
Q

the domain of self that an individual shows to the public, and this interacts on how others see an individual.

A

the public self or Persona

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7
Q

what we would call an individualistic culture since their focus is on the person.

A

Western culture

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7
Q

reflects the person’s own understanding of humanity.

A

ren

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7
Q

can be known as the rigid consequence of the doctrine of normal human being. It is like forcing the concentration of supernatural capabilities.

A

Western Self as Monotheistic

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8
Q

the propriety. Rules of propriety should be followed to guide human actions; conforms to the norms of humanity, thus one must fulfill their duties

A

Li

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8
Q

characterized the way we define our existence, also these refers on how we organized our experiences that are reflected to our behavior.

A

Self and Personality

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8
Q

because in itself it can exist. Its distinctness allows it to be__________ with its own thoughts, characteristics, and volition.

A

Self-contained and independent

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9
Q

means that a particular self’s traits, characteristics, tendencies, and potentialities are more or less the same.

A

Consistency

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10
Q

in that it is the center of all experiences and thoughts that run through a certain person

A

Unitary

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11
Q

means that each person sorts out information, feelings and
emotions, and thought processes within the self. This whole process is never accessible to anyone but the self.

A

private

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12
Q

the theatrical masks worn by Romans in Greek and Latin drama.

A

Persona

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13
Q

also comes from the two Latin words “per” and “sonare”, which literally means “to sound through”.

A

Personality

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14
Q

The surroundings of an individual compose the ______________________. This includes the neighborhood a person lives in, his school, college, university and workplace.

A

Environmental Factors of Personality

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15
Q

can be commonly observed when a person behaves contrastingly and exhibits different traits and characteristics.

A

Situational Factors of Personality.

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16
Q

traditionally considered as the major determinants of an individual’s personality.

A

Cultural Factors.

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17
Q

Understanding of who you are as a person is called

A

self-concept

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18
Q

defined as the study of knowledge or wisdom

A

Philosophy

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19
Q

were the ones who seriously questioned myths

A

Greek Philosophers

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20
Q

group of early Greek philosophers, most of whom were born before Socrates,

A

Pre-Socratics

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21
Q

was more concerned with another subject, the problem of the self.

A

Socrates

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22
Q

the method of inquiry and instruction consisting of a series of questionings the object of which is to elicit a clear and consistent expression of something supposed to be implicitly known by all rational beings.

A

Socratic Method

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23
Q

the one that is changeable, temporal, and imperfect. The best example of the _______ is the physical world.

A

physical realm

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24
Q

the one that is imperfect and unchanging, eternal, and immortal.

A

Ideal Realm

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25
Q

-a human is composed of body and soul, the first belongs to the physical realm because it changed, it is imperfect, and it dies, and the latter belongs to ideal realm for it survives the death.
-immortal and unified entity that is consistent over time.

A

Socrates

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26
Q

who introduced the idea of a three part soul/self

A

plato

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27
Q

-called this as divine essence.
-make wise choices and achieve a true understanding of eternal truths

A

reason

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28
Q

the basic biological needs of human being

A

Appetite

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29
Q

the basic emotions of human being

A

Spirit

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30
Q

According to St. Augustine, the human nature is composed of two realms

A

1.God as the source of all reality and truth
2. The sinfulness of man

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31
Q

-He explained that in order to gain true knowledge, one must doubt everything, even own existence.
-Founder of modern philosophy

A

Rene Descartes

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32
Q

“cogito, ergo sum”

A

“I think therefore I am”

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33
Q

The self, according to ______ is consciousness.

A

John Locke

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34
Q

the mind in its hypothetical primary blank or empty state before receiving outside impressions.

A

Tabula Rasa

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35
Q

the school of thought that espouses the idea that knowledge can only be possible if it is sensed and experienced. Men can only attain knowledge by experiencing.

A

Empiricism

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36
Q

he assumed that there is no self

A

David Hume

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37
Q

the basic sensations of our experience, the elemental data of our minds: pain, pleasure, heat, cold, happiness, grief, fear, exhilaration, and so on.

A

Impressions

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38
Q

copies of impressions that include thoughts and images that are built up from our primary impressions through a variety of relationships.

A

Ideas

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39
Q

considered that the self does not exist because all of the experiences that a person may have are just perceptions and this includes the perception of self.

A

David Hume

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40
Q

-the Father of Psychoanalysis.
proposed how mind works, he called this as provinces or structures of the mind.

A

Sigmund Freud

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41
Q

governed by reality principle.

A

conscious self

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42
Q

governed by pleasure principle.

A

unconscious self

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43
Q

The three provinces of the mind are:

A

id, ego, superego

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44
Q

It demands immediate satisfaction and is not hindered by societal expectations.

A

Id

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45
Q

This mediates between the impulses of the id and restraints of the superego.

A

ego

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46
Q

This is primarily dependent on learning the difference between right and wrong,

A

superego

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47
Q

was coined by Patricia Churchland, the modern scientific inquiry looks into the application of neurology to age-old problems in philosophy

A

Neurophilosophy

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48
Q

one of the many philosophers and psychologists that viewed the self from a materialistic point of view

A

Paul Churchland

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49
Q

According to him, the division between the “mind” and the “body” is a product of confused thinking. The self is experienced as a unity in which the mental and physical are seamlessly woven together; dismisses the Cartesian Dualism that has spelled so much devastation in the history of man.

A

Maurice Merleau-Ponty

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50
Q

presents the self as a product of modern society.

A

Sociology

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51
Q

The four subfields of anthropology

A

Archeology, Biological Anthropology, Linguistics, and Cultural
Anthropology,

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52
Q

Focus on the study of the past and how it may have contributed to the present ways of how people conduct their daily lives.

A

Archeology

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53
Q

Focused on using language as means to discover a group’s manner of social interaction and
their worldview.

A

Linguistic Anthropology

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54
Q

Focused in knowing what makes one group’s manner of living forms an essential part of the member’s personal and societal identity.

A

Cultural Anthropology

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55
Q

These are the words, gestures, pictures or objects that have recognized or accepted meaning in a particular culture

A

Symbols

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56
Q

persons from the past or present who have characteristics that are important in culture. They may be real of work of fictions.

A

heroes

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57
Q

These are activities participated by a group of people for the fulfilment of desired objectives and are concerned to be socially essential.

A

Rituals

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58
Q

These are considered to be the core of every culture

A

Values

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59
Q

According to __________, every self has two faces: personne and moi.

A

Marcel Mauss

60
Q

person’s basic identity.

A

moi

61
Q

composed of the social concepts of what it means to be who he is.

A

Personne

62
Q

another interesting aspect of social constructivism.

A

language

63
Q

Example of interesting facet of our language is its being _____

A

gender-neutral

64
Q

have been seen to display a degree of modesty.

A

Japanese people

65
Q

born virtually helpless and the dependency period of a human baby to its parents for nurturing is relatively longer than most other animals.

A

human being

66
Q

Without _________, biologically and sociologically, a person may not even survive or become a human person

A

family

67
Q

one of those loci of the self that is subject to alteration, change, and development.

A

Gender

68
Q

argues that because mothers take the role of taking care of children, there is a tendency for girls to imitate the same and reproduce the same kind of mentality of women as care providers in the family.

A

Nancy Chodorow

69
Q

the self is created and developed through human interaction.

A

Symbolic Interactionism

70
Q

the three forms of inter-subjective activity,

A

language, play, and game

71
Q

Skills at knowing and understanding the symbols of communication is important for this constitutes the basis of socialization.

A

play stage

72
Q

the phase that responds to the attitude of generalized other; response to the “me”

A

the “I”

73
Q

refers to the ability to embrace, use, and feel culture.

A

subjective culture

74
Q

the process that moves people from country to city living.

A

Urbanization

75
Q

creates a universal value system wherein every commodity can be understood; increases individual freedom by pursuing diverse activities and by increasing the options for self-expression; discouraged intimate ties with people.

A

money

76
Q

group membership is due to rational motivation or
membership due to freedom of choice.

A

modern urban settings

77
Q

a situation that demands a person of two or more roles that clash with one another.

A

role conflict

78
Q

is an attitude of absolute boredom and lack of concern; the inability or limited ability to provide emotional investment to other people.

A

Blasé Attitude

79
Q

Anthropology Professor at the University of Chicago. He studied different cultures and explored on the conception of the self; The Self Embedded in the Culture

A

Clifford Geertz

80
Q

stating facts without such meaning or significance; In India culture; In Turkish culture

A

thin description

81
Q

defined as self-knowledge; Actual Self

A

self-concept

82
Q

According to the psychologist Dr.Bruce A. Bracken in 1992, there are six specific domains that are related to self-concept these are:

A

Social, competence, affect, physical, academic, and family domain

83
Q

self-awareness can be too much that we are concerned about being observed and criticized by others, also known as

A

self-consciousness

84
Q

Our group identity and self-awareness also has a great impact on our _____

A

self-esteem

85
Q

more common type of comparing ourselves with others, by comparing ourselves with those who are worse off than us.

A

downward social comparison

86
Q

comparing ourselves with those who are better off than us.

A

upward social comparison

87
Q

well-known figure in Psychology who is considered as the founder of functionalism; made a clear distinction between ways of approaching the self: Me-Self and I-Self

A

William James

88
Q

the knower; subjective

A

the I - Self

89
Q

the known; objective

A

the Me - Self

90
Q

(known today as self-concept)

A

Me viewed as material, the Me viewed as social, and the Me viewed as
spiritual in nature.

91
Q

consists of everything an individual call uniquely as their own, such as the body, family, home or style of dress.

A

The material self

92
Q

refers to the individual inner or subjective being.

A

spiritual self

93
Q

best known as the founder of client-centered therapy and considered as one of the prominent humanistic or existential theorists in personality; Real Self and Ideal Self

A

Carl Rogers

94
Q

includes all those aspects of one’s identity that are perceived in awareness. These are the things that are known to oneself like the attributes that an individual possesses.

A

real self

95
Q

defined as one’s view of self as one wishes to be. This contains all the aspirations or wishes of an individual for themselves.

A

ideal self

96
Q

perceive little discrepancy between their self-concept and what they ideally would like to be.

A

Psychologically healthy individuals

97
Q

According to ________, there are different aspects of the self exist in an individual.

A

Multiple Selves Theory

98
Q

proposed the Tripartite Model of Human Consciousness, wherein he described that self is consist of three related, but also separable domains these are the experimental self, private self, and public self.

A

Gregg Henriques

99
Q

essentially connected to consciousness, awareness, and agency.

A

Unified being

100
Q

pediatrician in London who studied Psychoanalysis with
Melanie Klein, a renowned personality theorist and one of the pioneers in object relations and development of personality in childhood; True versus False Self

A

Donald Winnicott

101
Q

an alternative personality used to protect an individual’s true identity or one’s ability to “hide” the real self; activated to maintain social relationship as anticipation of the demands of others.

A

false self

102
Q

often associated with men and people in urban settings.

A

Individualist characteristics

103
Q

the idea that the fundamental unit of the human species that thinks, lives, and acts toward goals is not the individual, but some group.

A

Collectivism

104
Q

known to be collective in nature.

A

Asian countries

105
Q

called a collectivistic culture as the group and social relations that is given more importance than individual needs and wants.

A

Asian culture

106
Q

Real things are not only visualized but immaterial things like thoughts, ideas and memories would be given emphasis.

A

Western Self as Analytic

107
Q

five (5) relationships

A

father and son, ruler and subject, older and younger brothers, husband and wife, friend and friend.

108
Q

the filiality; This is the virtue of reverence and respect for the family

A

Xiao

109
Q

the rightness; The right way of behaving which is unconditional and absolute. Right is right, and what is not right is wrong.

A

yi

110
Q

emphasizes harmony between humans and the natural world.

A

Taoism

111
Q

The self is seen as an illusion, born out of ignorance, of trying to hold and control things, or human-centered needs;

A

Buddhism

111
Q

black in ying yang

A

ying

112
Q

to renounce the self which is the cause of all suffering and in doing so, attain the state of

A

Nirvana

113
Q

is not the person itself no matter how intimately bound it is with the bearer.

A

Name

114
Q

means that the self is distinct from other selves. The self is always unique and has its own identity.

A

separate

115
Q

have no single definition since different personality theories have different views on how to define it.

A

Personality

116
Q

This describes the tendency of the person to appear and behave the way their parents are

A

hereditary factors

117
Q

include the overall physical structure of a person: height, weight, color, sex, beauty and body language, etc. Most of the physical structures change from time to time, and so does the personality.

A

physical features

118
Q

behavior might come from the
study of the _______

A

brain.

119
Q

understanding what your motives are when you act is called

A

self-understanding.

120
Q

considered as “The Queen of All Sciences”

A

philosophy

121
Q

self is dichotomous which means composed of two
things:

A

physical realm and ideal realm

122
Q

He concluded, “That the body is united with the soul, so that man may be entire and complete, is a fact we recognize on the evidence of our own nature.”

A

St. Augustine

123
Q

that assumes the nurture side of human development.

A

tabula rasa or blank slate

124
Q

The dualistic view of self by Freud involves ______ and _________.

A

conscious self and unconscious self.

125
Q

life instincts; promote quest for survival

A

Eros

126
Q

The death instinct, reflected in aggressive, destructive, and self-destructive actions.

A

thanatos

127
Q

the self is best understood as a pattern of behavior; He was an important figure in the field of Linguistic Analysis which focused on the solving of philosophical puzzles through an analysis of language.

A

Gilbert Ryle

128
Q

The self is the product of reason, a regulative principle because the self regulates experience by making unified experience possible and unlike Hume

A

Immanuel Kant

129
Q

that the concepts and theoretical vocabulary that people use to
think about the selves

A

Churchland’s central argument

130
Q

claimed that man’s brain is responsible for the identity known as self.

A

Patricia Churchland

131
Q

the study of humanity. This broad field takes an interdisciplinary approach to looking at human culture, both past and present.

A

Anthropology

132
Q

The following are the ways in which culture may manifest itself in people

A

symbols, heroes, rituals, values

133
Q

more likely to attribute being unique to themselves and claim that they are better than most people in doing what they love doing.

A

North Americans

134
Q

the three resources available to us

A

Human, spiritual, economic

135
Q

most part are expected to provide for the family.

A

husbands

136
Q

He claimed that the self is something which undergoes development because it is not present instantly at birth.

A

George Herbert Mead

137
Q

At this stage, children’s behaviors are primarily based on imitation.

A

preparatory stage

138
Q

the phase which reflects the attitude of the generalized other; the social self

A

the “me”

139
Q

proposed that there is something called human nature that is
innate to the individual. He also added that most of our social interactions are individual motivations; German sociologist, philosopher, and critic; The Self as a product of modern society among other constructions

A

Georg Simmel

140
Q

definitely different from rural settings wherein the relationship are strongly influenced by family.

A

Group affiliations

141
Q

provide enough context so that a person outside the culture can make meaning of the behavior; Crossing Fingers

A

thick description

142
Q

A scientific study of mental processes and human behavior. It aims to describe, analyze, predict, control human behavior in general.

A

Psychology

143
Q

When we are aware of our self-concepts this is also called; may be positive or negative

A

self-awareness.

144
Q

refers to the recognition an individual get from other people.

A

social self

145
Q

a portion of self that verbally narrates what is happening and tries to make sense of what is going on.

A

private self

146
Q

has a sense of integrity and connected wholeness that is rooted in early infancy. The baby creates experiences of a sense of reality and sense of life worth living.

A

true self

147
Q

the idea that the fundamental unit of the human species that thinks, lives, and acts toward goals is the individual.

A

Individualism

148
Q

direct and indirect effects on both the presentation of self (in public ways) and the experience of the self (in private awareness).

A

Western Self as Individualistic

149
Q

scientific approach to reality has tended to define spiritual and immaterial phenomena as potentially superstitious and dangerous.

A

Western Self as materialistic and rationalistic

150
Q

centered on ren which can be manifested through the li (propriety), xiao (filiality), and yi (rightness); A code of ethical conduct, of how one should properly act according to his/her relationship with other people

A

Confucianism

151
Q

white in yin yang

A

Yang

Understanding the Self (1 decks)

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