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zoolab234 > uts > Flashcards

uts Flashcards

1
Q

is the concept
that our mind is more
than just our brain. It
postulates that the
physical body and the
soul are two different
entities or are two

A

Dualism

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2
Q

is known as the Father of (Western)Philosophy.
He was credited for making the foundation for modern
Western philosophy.

A

SOCRATES

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3
Q

He postulated that the goal for human existence is to
“know thyself” and improve the quality of one’s soul by
living a life of virtue

A

SOCRATES

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4
Q

He maintained that knowledge is essential in order to
live a life of virtue which would consequently lead to

A

SOCRATES

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5
Q

It is a method that is used to seek understanding with
regards to truth and clarity. It is done through a
continuous dialogue between the soul and body (the
two separate entities of the self).

A

Socratic method.

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6
Q

Evil is performed by an individual whenever, there is not
enough knowledge. Therefore, evil exist because of
ignorance

A

SOCRATES

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7
Q

(Mind and Body) There’s the body, which is material, mortal
and “moved”. Then there’s the soul, which is ideal, immortal
and “unmoved”.

A

PLATO

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8
Q

defined soul as the core essence of living being, but
argued its having a distinct existence.

A

PLATO

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9
Q

introduced a three-part soul

A

PLATO

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10
Q

(responsible for cognition)

A

reason

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11
Q

(biological needs and physiological
responses)

A

physical appetite

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12
Q

(basic emotions like love, and anger)

A

spirit or passion

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13
Q

is achieved once reason takes control over the
spirit and the appetite. Thus, achieving harmony.

A

happiness

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14
Q

When there is an imbalance between the three
equals

A

maladaptive behavior / psychological disorder

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15
Q

The SELF emerges as one (the individual) utilizes that ideas
which had been well thought of and utilizes one’s senses to
recognize the truth.

A

PLATO

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16
Q

are
majorly
influenced by
Plato

A

neoplatonist

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17
Q

He integrated the views of Plato and with Christianity.

A

St. Augustine

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18
Q

He postulated that individuals have immortal souls
that are in a constant striving for a union with God by
the means of faith and reason.

A

St. Augustine

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19
Q

His idea of good and evil is that: doing good is the
default behavior. It is just a matter of whether one
chooses a lesser good. This occurs when one chooses
to allow passions and desires rule the soul, which
tend toward things of this world.

A

St. Augustine

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20
Q

Similar with Plato, he maintains that reason should rule
one’s soul.

A

St. Augustine

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21
Q

believed that the SELF emerges as one
utilizes his faculty of free will to not deviate from the
right order or oppose himself to the will of God, but
become submissive to it.

A

St. Augustine

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22
Q

This view postulates that
reason and the thinking
process is the ultimate
source of human
knowledge. It gives
importance to intellect and
deductive reasoning. It was
associated with the
incorporation of
mathematical methods into
philosophy.

A

Rationalism

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23
Q

“I think therefore I am”. This goes to show that the
ability of an individual to think makes that individual
exist.

A

Rene Descartes

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24
Q

The self that exist is a product of the ability to think.

A

Rene Descartes

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25
Q

posited that The Self emerges since
the human mind has principles or a priori knowledge,
independent of experience.

A

Rene Descartes

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26
Q

The self is conscious when that individual has the
aptitude to use thinking abilities, analyze, experiment,
and develop well formulated arguments

A

Rene Descartes

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27
Q

He also maintains that if one reflect thoughtfully, one
can see that one have clear ideas of both oneself as
a thinking entity and oneself as a physical body

A

Rene Descartes

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28
Q

Subscribed to the idea of Plato and Augustine
regarding the existence of God and that the self

A

Rene Descartes

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29
Q

This view states that
experience is the
principal source of all
knowledge and being
attuned to these
experiences would
enable individuals to
understand and
navigate their worlds
better

A

Empiricism

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30
Q

This means that human beings are blank
slates. This goes to show that experience make up an
individual’s self.

A

Tabula rasa.

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31
Q

Tabula rasa is from

A

John Locke

32
Q

are essential factors in
uncovering the self.

A

Sensations and perceptions by John Locke

33
Q
  • uncovering the self. refers to the
    objective elements such as sound, sight, etc.
A

Sensations

34
Q

is the subjective interpretation of these
sensations.

A

Perception

35
Q

Being aware and attuned by these sensations and
perceptions or the holistic experience is key to the
formation of the self.

A

John Locke

36
Q

believed that the entire contents of the mind
were drawn from experience alone.

A

David Hume

37
Q

Evil is performed by an individual whenever, there is not
enough knowledge. Therefore, evil exist because of
ignorance

A

SOCRATES

38
Q

The self cannot be directly known, he argued,
because it is an idea or concept, which can only be
known through the impressions or perceptions serving
as the basis for the concept.

A

DAVID HUME

39
Q

are basic sensations of experiences
(e.g. pain, happiness, fear, etc).

A

Impressions

40
Q

In his own words self is a” system of different
perceptions or different experiences, which are linked
together by the relation of cause and effect, and
which mutually produce, destroy, influence, and
modify each other

A

DAVID HUME

41
Q

argues that the self is Transcendental which
functions to unite all appearances into one
experience. The contents of consciousness must
have causal connections to be unified.

A

Immanuel Kant

42
Q

“When we are conscious of ourselves as
subject, we are conscious of ourselves
as the single common subject of a
number of representations.”

A

Immanuel Kant

43
Q

He also emphasized the use of knowledge to attain
one’s self.

A

Immanuel Kant

44
Q

This view is a
psychological school of
thought that postulates
that all behaviors are
acquired though
conditioning. It
emphasizes the
importance of
observable event which
refers to behaviors of
people and discounting
their inner thoughts

A

Behaviorism

45
Q

The Concept of Mind - The workings of the mind are
not an independent mechanism that governs the
workings of the body. The workings of the mind are
not distinct from the actions of the body; they are
rather a way of explaining the actions of the body.

A

Gilbert Ryle

46
Q

He maintained that there is no hidden entity so
called the “mind” inside the so called “body”.

A

Gilbert Ryle

47
Q

The SELF emerges as human behaviors unfold as it
reflects one’s innate Self-conception; it emerges as
one manifests behaviors descriptive of inner
dreams, hopes, aspirations and wishes.

A

Gilbert Ryle

48
Q

This view states that
everything is physical and
that there is nothing over
and above the physical.
This is also closely related
to eliminative materialism
which contends that
matter is the most basic
substance in nature and
some mental states
produced by common
sense are non existent

A

Physicalism

49
Q

the ordinary folk psychology
of the mind is wrong..

A

Eliminative materialism

50
Q

the physical brain and not the imaginary mind that
give individuals a sense of self. The self is a product of
the activity of the human brain.

A

Paul Churchland

51
Q

IF the mind cannot be experienced by the senses,
then the mind does not exist.

A

Paul Churchland

52
Q

Physical things can be accounted by hard sciences
such as biology, Chemistry, Physics, etc.

A

Paul Churchland

53
Q

THE SELF emerges not as something that is
theoretically founded, but as data innervated, since
THE SELF cannot be a product of imagination and
opinions but of empirical observation.

A

Paul Churchland

54
Q

This view states that all
knowledge of one self is
based on the phenomenon
of experience. It discounts
psychological factors or
causal explanations. Its
goal is to give meaning to
the experience in itself.

A

Phenomenology

55
Q

the “self” is understood as being embedded in
and supported by the “field of experience

A

Maurice Merleau-Ponty

56
Q

A person’s consciousness, his/her world, and
his/her human body are entwined and are
mutually interdependent.

A

Maurice Merleau-Ponty

57
Q

Mind cannot be only identified by just selfknowledge, more importantly it is dependent on
the harmonious relationship of the structures and
actions of the human world.

A

Maurice Merleau-Ponty

58
Q

THE SELF emerges as one perceives in the world,
as he looks at the world through one’s body
which is involved in one’s existence.

A

Maurice Merleau-Ponty

59
Q

This view maintains that
the self is divided into the
unconscious,
preconscious, and
conscious. With the
unconscious operating
the most

A

Psychodynamic

60
Q

goal is to pursue pleasure and satisfy the
biological drives.

A

ID

61
Q

goal is to find safe and
socially acceptable ways of satisfying the id’s
desires and to negotiate between the id’s wants
and the superego’s prohibitions

A

EGO

62
Q

goal is to apply the moral values and standards

A

SUPEREGO

63
Q

the id’s goal is to pursue pleasure and satisfy the
biological drives. the ego’s goal is to find safe and
socially acceptable ways of satisfying the id’s
desires and to negotiate between the id’s wants
and the superego’s prohibitions. The superego’s
goal is to apply the moral values and standards

A

Sigmund Freud

64
Q

the goal is for the ego to dominate the totality of
the self so as to achieve balance and harmony
between pleasure and morality.

A

Sigmund Freud

65
Q

Believed that human behavior was propelled by
the drive to find pleasurable experiences. He
described this as a sexual nature and he believed
that this was the foundation of every human
development. He postulated that each human
behavior was motivated by seeking pleasure.

A

Sigmund Freud

66
Q

SOCRATES IS

A

DUALISM

67
Q

PLATO

A

DUALISM

68
Q

ST AUGUSTINE

A

Dualism/
Neoplatonism

69
Q

Rene Descartes

A

RATIONALISM

70
Q

JOHN LOCKE

A

EMPERICISM

71
Q

DAVID HUME

A

EMPIRISICM

72
Q

IMANNUEL KANT

A

RATIONALISM

73
Q

GILBERT RYLE

A

BEHAVIORISM

74
Q

PAUL CHURLAND

A

PHISICALISM

75
Q

Maurice Merleau-Ponty

A

Phenomenology

76
Q

Sigmund Freud

A

Psychodynamic

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