UTIs Flashcards
Pyelonephritis is infection of what portion of the urinary tract?
Kidneys and ureters
Cystitis is infection of what portion of the urinary tract?
bladder
High fever and flank pain are concerning for cystitis/urethritis or pyelonephritis?
Pyelonephritis
CLED/EMB culture (contains bile salts) is differential and selective for what organisms?
Lactose fermenting (CLED) Gram - (EMB)
What two tests are used to evaluate urine?
Dipstick
Microscopy
What additional test should you preform for men with UTI sx?
Prostate exam
Uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) is the most common cause of UTI. What is its gram stain and morphology and motility status?
Gram-, bacillus
Flagellated
What urinary pathogen uses P fimbriae (pili) and Dr adhesions to bind to uroepithelial cells and RBCs?
E. coli
UPEC produces what that is typically seen w/ upper UTI and chronic UTIs due to increased formation of biofilms?
K (capsular) antigen
In what direction does bacteria travel within the urinary tract?
Ascending
Encapsulated K1 strains of e. coli are associated with what disease?
Meningitis
P. vulgaris is a G- bacilli that typically infects what pt populations? (2)
Infants
IMC
Culture of p. vulgaris will exhibit what?
“Swarming”
P. vulgaris possess what that will target tissue of the urinary tract?
fimbriae
The following in the infection pathway for what organism?
- Bacteria access UT following introduction of fecal contamination
- P fimbriae (pili) and DR adhesions bring to uroepithelial cells and RBCs
- Production of alpha and beta hemolysis results in lysis of uroepithelial cells and RBCS
E. coli
After attachment of Proteus spp. to the uroepithelial cells by fimbriae, what enzymes will make urine more alkaline by hydrolyzing urea to ammonia?
Urease
Increased urine pH by urease will lead to the formation of what?
Struvite stones (magnesium ammonium phosphate)
What UTI pathogen is G+ and coagulase negative?
Staph. saphrophyticus
What UTI pathogen has increased incidence sexually active females and is the cause of “honeymoon cystitis”?
S. saphrophyticus (displaced normal flora to the urethra)
What UTI pathogen processes adhesions (lactosamine) but no exotoxin?
S. saphrophyticus
Novobiocen resistance differentiates what UTI pathogen from other coagulase negative forms of staph?
S. saphrophyticus
What UTI pathogen is G+ coccus more common in neonates?
Strep. agalactiae (aka group B streptococcus, GBS)
What will you see on blood agar culture of Strep. agalactiae?
Grey-white colonies w/ narrow zone of B-hemolysis
What UTI pathogen has the following virulence factors?
- Capsular polysaccharide
- Hyalouronidase
- Collagenase
- Hemolysin
Strep. agalactiae
Detection of CAMP factor on a presumptive lab test is associated w/ DX of what pathogen?
S. agalactiae
CAMP factor = Christie, Atkinas, Munch-Peterson
What is the effect of CAMP factor on staph w/ B-lysins?
Accentuation of hemolysis due to interaction w/ staph B-lysin
UTI pathogen: What is the gram stain of Klebsiella spp?
Gram -
UTI pathogen: What is the gram stain of enterococcus spp?
Gramp +
UTI pathogen: What is the gram stain of pseudomonas aeruginosa?
Gram -
What is prognosis for uncomplicated UTIs?
Good
*Pyelonephritis and complicated cases can lead to scaring of urinary tract and/or kidney damage
