UTIs

Question 1

anatomical structure of upper urinary tract

Answer 1

kidneys and ureters

Question 2

anatomical structure of lower urinary tract

Answer 2

bladder and urethra

Question 3

inflammation of the urethra most frequently associated with UTI’s

Answer 3

Urethritis

Question 4

in males a purulent discharge is normally seen with an STD

Answer 4

what is Urethritis

Question 5

in females: may be asymptomatic or may have vague “UTI-like” symptom

Answer 5

what is Urethritis

Question 6

painful or difficult urination

Answer 6

what is dysuria

Question 7

infection of the renal parenchyma, calices and pelvis

Answer 7

what is Pyelonephritis

Question 8

not a true UTI inflammation of the prostate: both infectious and non-
infectious causes

Answer 8

what is Prostatitis

Question 9

why can Prostatitis lead to hydronephrosis

Answer 9

as the bladder is 
unable to empty properly, urine is pushed up into 
the ureter(s) and kidneys

Question 10

UTI caused by yeasts 
Mycobacterium species, 
Salmonella spp,  
Leptospira spp or 
S. aureus usually indicates

Answer 10

pylonephritis acquired by the descending rout

Question 11

most common cause of hospital acquired UTI’s

for both sexes

Answer 11

instrumentation (eg., cystoscopy, catheterization

Question 12

once in the urinary tract,

is able to facilitate adherence to mucosal cells

Answer 12

Proteus mirabilis and Klebsiella spp.

Question 13

hydrolyzes urea –alkalinizes the urine, which predisposes stone formation-leads to kidney cell damage

Answer 13

Proteus mirabilis

Question 14

-adheres to uroepithelial 
•isolated from young females
•responds well to 
treatment
•novobiocin disk used to screen CoNS urine 
isolates
•very white colony,  
described as yeast-like 
in appearance

Answer 14

Staphylococcus saprophyticus

Question 15

• common in older males

- associated with complicated UTIs: UT manipulation, instrumentation or prostatic hypertrophy

Answer 15

Enterococcus spp

Question 16

• females < 50 yrs and in diabetic patients
  -as common as other uropathogens BUT,
  also normal flora/contaminant from the vagina or rectum

Answer 16

Group B Streptococcus spp

Question 17

org associated with instrumentation procedures, contaminated solutions

Answer 17

Pseudomonas spp

Question 18

• ECU(Extended Care Units), elderly patients

- add a CNA plate to the routine set up on catheterized in-patients > 60 yrs to help find Gram positive

Answer 18

Proteus spp

Question 19

20% of nosocomial UTI’s

Answer 19

Coagulase negative staphylococci

Question 20

• rare uro-pathogen

- generally associated with sepsis

Answer 20

Staphylococcus aureus

Question 21

-if encapsulated will appear mucoid on BAP. urea+, caffeic acid +
-common in HIV patients
-spherical, irregularly sized
organisms
-capsule visible as a
halo in a wet mount

Answer 21

Cryptococcus neoformans

Question 22

• long, slender, helically curved spirochete
• zoonotic infection
• invades bloodstream causing systemic infection

Answer 22

Leptospira spp

Question 23

-an obligate intracellular bacteria
-usually due to STD but
causes urethritis
-mostly molecular detection
methods are used today
-older testing: direct
fluorescent Ab, ELISA
methods and cell culture

Answer 23

Chlamydia trachomatis

Question 24

• organism has no cell wall, sterols in membrane
• can be an STD
• slow growing 5 –7 days
• microscopic scanning of plates (10X) for distinct colony form

Answer 24

Ureaplasma urealyticum

Question 25

-pinpoint at 16-18 hrs, may mimic yeast macroscopically -
>wet prep helps
-clinically significant if ↑WBCs,
is pure or predominant organism,present in a
significant amount

Answer 25

Corynebacterium urealyticum