Utilitie 2 Flashcards
Is a receptacle, device, or appliance that uses water and discharge wastewater
PLUMBING FIXTURE
Is a plumbing fixture that serves as an indoor receptacle and removal system for human waste. Commonly called toilet or commode.
WATER CLOSET
Has the average water consumption of 1.6 galloons (6 L) per flush.
ULTRA-LOW FLUSH (ULF) WATER CLOSET
Has a water tank as part of the fixture
FLUSH TANK WATER CLOSET
Have no tank to supply water.
FLUSH VALVE WATER COSET
Is much lesser expensive in terms of initial cost.
FLOOR- MOUNTED FIXTURE
Are considered desirable for public use, and some codes even require their use in public places.
WALL - MOUNTED FIXTURE
Are considered desirable for public use, and some codes even require their use in public places.
WALL - MOUNTED FIXTURE
A technology first developed in the early 1980’s, takes water conservation in one step further by using 1.6 gal of water to flush solid wast but only 0.8 gal (3.0 L) to flush liquid waste.
DUAL- FLUSH WATER CLOSET
Type of flushing action:
Least expensive, least efficient and noisiest
WASH DOWN
Type of flushing action:
Efficient and moderately noisy
REVERSE TRAP
Type of flushing action:
Efficient and fairly quiet
Siphon jet
Type of flushing action:
Quietest and most expensive
SIPHON JET
Plumbing fixtures that are commonly used in public restroom where it is desirable to reduce possible contamination of the water closet seats.
URINALS
Average consumption is 1 gal (3.8 L ) per flush.
Special metal urinals with straight drain lines limit average water consumption to 0.5 gal (1.9L ) per flush
ULF URINALS
A urinal that is specifically engineered to eliminate potable water consumption for urinal flushing
WATERLESS URINAL
Persona hygiene plumbing fixtures used for genital and perineal cleanliness. Typically used after using the water closet .
BIDETS
Plumbing fixture used for bathing
BATHUBS
An overhead nozzle that sprays water down on the bather
SHOWERHEADS
Average water consumption by a showerhead are that flow rate not exceed 2.5 gpm( 9.5 L/min)
LOW-FLOW SHOWERHEADS
A showerhead attached to the end of a flexible hose, which the bather can hold during bathing.
HANDSHOWER
Cover the walls that enclose a shower stall.
SHOWER SORROUNDS
Consist of glass panels, either framed or frameless, used to enclose bathtubs, shower modules, shower receptors, and custom- tiled showering spaces.
SHOWER ENCLOSURE
A shallow basin used to catch and contain water in the bottom of a showering space.
RECEPTOR OR SHOWER PAN
Has multiple showerheads extending from he top of a post.
GANG HEAD SHOWER
A bathroom basin or sink used for personal hygiene
LAVATORY
Lavatory style:
Have a finished rim that is placed directly over the counter top opening
SELF-RIMMING LAVATORIES
Lavatory style:
An installation in which a lavatory or sink is attached to the underside of a countertop
UNDERCOUNTER LAVATORIES
Lavatory style:
Have a basin that is supported primarily by a freestanding pedestal leg
PEDESTAL LAVATORIES
Special fitting for lavatories:
Often used in institutions such as hospitals and nursing homes
FOOT CONTROLS
Special fitting for lavatories:
Commonly used in public facilities (especially on hot water faucets ) to conserve water
SELF- CLOSING FAUCETS
Special fitting for lavatories:
Operates automatically when a sensor recognizes that a hands are positioned under the faucet
AUTOMATIC- “NO - TOUCH” FLOW
Special fitting for lavatories:
Residential lavatories have a ___ that opens the pop- up drain when the lift rod is depressed.
LIFT ROD
Most commonly made of enamelled cast iron or stainless steel. Usually available in a single or double bowl arrangement
KITCHEN SINK
Has a deep, fixed basin that is supplied with hot and cold water and is used for rinsing mops and disposing cleaning water.
UTILITY OR SERVICE SINK
Installed into the center of a concave floor to dispose of warer.
FLOORMOUNT SINK
Large deep sink used in laundry rooms. Usually available in single or double bowl arrangement
LAUNDRY TUBS OR TRAYS
Offer users a limitless supply of drinking water at any location where water and sanitary drainage are readily available
DRINKING FOUNTAINS
Can deliver 8 gal/ hr (30 L /hr) or more of chilled drinking water. Require connection of power, water and drainage.
WATER COOLERS
Include eye-face washes, drench showers, decontamination units, portable, and accessories designed for used wherever hazardous substances are present.
EMERGENCY FIXTURE
Water Closets
ULTRA-LOW FLUSH WATER CLOSETS
FLUSH TANK WATER CLOSET
FLUSH VALVE WATER CLOSETS
FLOOR-MOUNTED FIXTURE
WALL-MOUNTED FIXTURE
DUAL-FLUSH WATER CLOSETS
Urinals
ULF URINALS
WATERLESS URINAL
Showerhead
LOW-FLUSH SHOWERHEAD
HANDSHOWER
SHOWER SURROUNDS
SHOWER ENCLOSURE
RECEPTOR OR SHOWER PAN
GANG HEAD SHOWER
Lavatories are available in a large variety of sizes and the shapes are:
SQUARE
RECTANGULAR
ROUND
OVAL
The lavatory may be:
WALL -HUNG
SET ON LEGS
SET ON A STAND
BUILT INTO A CABINET
Lavatory styles:
SELF- RIMMING LAVATORIES
UNDERCOUNTER LAVATORIES
PEDESTAL LAVATORIES
Special fittings for lavatories
FOOT CONTROLS
SELF- CLOSING FAUCETS
AUTOMATIC “NO TOUCH” FLOW
LIFT ROD
Sinks
KITCHEN SINK
UTILITY OR SERVICE SINK
FLOORMOUNT SINK
Other types of fixtures
BAPTISTERIES
ORNAMENTAL PONDS
FOUNTAINS
AQUARIUMS
A supply of good water is more important to human survival than food
WATER SOURCES
Is a clean water that is suitable for human drinking. It must be available for drinking cooking and cleaning.
POTABLE
Water may be used for flushing water closets, irrigating grass and gardens, washing cars, and for any use other than drinking, cooking, or cleaning
NON- POTABLE
Is the rain that runs of the surface of the ground into streams, rivers, and lakes.
Readily provides much of the water needed by cities, counties, large industries, and others however this source is dependent on recurring rain.
SURFACE WATER
Cold surface water during periods of high runoff and release water during periods of low runoff.
RESERVOIRS
Surface water can be collected in a storage tank called ______.
Can fill with rainwater as it drains from the roof of a building or a more elaborate collection system.
CISTERN
Is the a water found below the surface of the earth. It is the water that has circulated through porous soil and till it reaches and impervious stratum top on which it collects.
GROUNDWATER
Saturated permeable stratum capable of providing a usable supply of water.
AQUIFER
The level of ground water
WATER TABLE
The distance from the ground surface to the water table
WATER TABLE DEPTH
If the water pressure is released by drilling through the top stratum or through a natural opening in the stratum the water will be forced upward creating an _______
ARTESIAN WELL
IMPURITIES OF WATER:
Chemicals and toxins that can contaminate the water source.
AGRICULTURAL RUNOFF
INDUSTRIAL RUNOFF
Pesticides and herbicides
AGRICULTURAL RUNOFF
Metals and mine tailings
INDUSTRIAL RUNOFF
Generally contains larger quantities of turbidity (cloudiness) and bacteria than groundwater.
SURFACE WATER
Generally contains higher concentrations of dissolved chemicals.
GROUNDWATER
Contains high concentrations of dissolved chemicals and some microscopic organisms
SEAWATER
Indicates the parts per million (ppm) of each chemical foundation in the water
CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF THE WATER
Provides an estimate of the density of bacteria in the water supply. The presence of any coliform organisms indicates that the water supply may be contaminated with human or animal waste.
BACTERIOLOGICAL QUALITY OF THE WATER
Water Treatment:
Is an established method of reducing tooth decay in children.
FLOURIDATION OF PUBLIC WATER
Water Treatment:
Saline is removed from water thereby making the water potable this process is used in areas where seawater is the only source of water available or for groundwater is hyenas saline.
DESALINATION PROCESS
Water Conservation:
Can reduce the amount of water used by 50% depending on the type installed.
FLOW RESTRICTORS
Involves the processing of household wastewater for reuse. In the design of the blank system the water from the bathtub or shower and the washing machine is run into the collection tank instead of going to the sea where lines.
GRAY-WATER SYSTEM
A large metropolitan areas most of the drinking water originates from the surface source such as lake, stream, river, or reservoir. In rural areas people are more likely to drink groundwater that was. Basically water is available through systems that serve a community or through private system.
WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM
Are public or private entities that installing provide the central supply of water to a neighborhood, city, or special district
COMMUNITY WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM
Required in all community system that charge for water usage or in systems for water consumption must be monitored. Measures the amount of water that passes through it and then the user is build for that amount
WATER METER
A modern well system consists of:
WELL
MOTOR-DRIVEN PUMP
STORAGE TANK
The depth of the well is determined by the depth of the water table and amount of water that can be pumped from that depth.
ACCORDING TO DEPTH
Types of Well:
Are shallow wells generally not more than 25 feet or 7.62 m deep and typically 3 - 6 ft or 1 to 2 m in diameter.
DUG WELLS
Is gravel that has been put through a wash to remove much of the sand or clay from the stone.
WASHED GRAVEL
Types of Well:
Also referred to as sand point wells, consist of of lengths of 1¼ to 2 inch ( 32-50mm) diameter pipe that is driven into the ground.
DRIVEN WELLS
The ______ allows the assembly to be driven into the earth without the pipe and being damaged.
DRIVE CAP
Is appointed perforated pipe or a pipe with a pointed while screen that allows water to be stuck up the pipe to the surface by a shallow well pump.
WELL POINT
Type of Wells:
Used for deep wells and is used to create the well hole.
DRILLING OR BORING METHODS
Have the holes performed by using rotary bits.
DRILLED WELLS
Have the holes formed by using auger and covered with a casing. Only the drilling method is effective in cutting through hard rock.
BORED WELLS
Is the top of the well, the part that rises above the surface of the soil. Usually at least 12 inches of casing must be extend above the soil line, which is capped, then stabilized with us concrete is slab.
WELLHEAD
Are used to bring well water t the surface.
PUMP
Referred as a shallow well and deep well, depending on the type of well.
WELL PUMPS
Is a vertical distance between the pump and the lowest water level, taking into account level draw down by pumping and lower levels during fry seasons.
PUMPING LEVEL
General ype of well pumps:
Combined centrifugal and ejection pumping. In addition to a motor, impeller, and diffuser, it includes jet assembly that consist of nozzle and went to a tube.
Are selfpriming, but priming (manually filling with water) prior to initial use is required for the pump to operate.
WELL JET PUMP
Type of well jet pumps:
Are used for wheels with a popping level up to 25 feet or 7.6 m deep which is the pump’s suction lift limit.
It has no working parts submerged in water.
It is located on the suction side of the pump impeller
SHALLOW WELL JET PUMPS
Type of well jet pumps:
Can be used for wheels with the pumping level up to 120 feet or 37 m deep.
It works the same as the shallow well type but with the jet as mb located in the well 10 to 20 feet or 3 2 9 m below water table level.
DEEP WELL JET PUMPS
Other type of well jet pumps:
Used in applications where excess water must be pump away from a particular area.
SUMP PUMPS
Other type of Well Jet pumps:
Are centrifugal pumps used for large applications because of their multiple impellers.
TURBINE PUMPS
General type of well pumps:
Are centrifugal pumps designed to operate submerged in water near the bottom and of the wall shaft.
It is typically used in wales with pomping level of at least 75 feet or 23 m deep.
SUBMERSIBLE WELL PUMPS
Water drawn from a well is pumped into a storage tank where it is stored for use by building occupants.
WELL TANKS
It is a type of clothes storage container design to store water under pressure in a well system.
It is used to hold water under pressure after it is found to ensure a steady water pressure in the building.
This type of tank is divided into two internal compartments by flexible diaphragm or bladder
PRESSURE TANK
Type of pressure tank:
It separates the water store section from a pressurized air chamber.
DIAPHRAGM
Type of pressure tank:
A balloon like bladder holds pressurized air.
The pressurize chamber is charged with air which applies a force against the water inducing and maintaining a consistent pressure into the stored water.
BLADDER
Well design and installation:
The maximum flow rate of water drawn from a well in gpm (L/m).
YIELD OR CAPACITY OF THE WELL
Well design and installation:
The amount of water required to meet the demands of the building serve by the well system.
WATER DEMAND
Are used in community systems.
Must be tall enough to deliver adequate pressure to all of the houses and businesses in the area of the tower.
Each foot of water height provide 0.433 psi of pressure.
WATER TOWERS
Are used in private systems.
A storage tank serve buildings that are too tall to rely on street water pressure.
Required: 30-35 ft (10-12m).
ELEVATED WATER STORAGE TANKS
A storage tank that is pressurized to the appropriate pressure.
PRESSURIZED TANK
The purposes of water towers and elevated storage tanks:
- To carry a reserve capacity of water
- To introduce pressure to the water supply system
- The equalizer fly and demand over periods of high consumption.
- To supply water during equipment failure or maintenance.
- Supply water for firefighting demand.
Defects in water supply system:
A knocking in the pipe cause when faucet in the lower levels are shutoff abruptly.
The force exerted by the decelerating causes the pipe to shake and rattle.
WATER HAMMERING
Defects in water supply system:
The flowing back of used contaminated or polluted water from a plumbing fixture or vessel into a water supply pipe do to a negative pressure in such pipe.
BACK SIPHONAGE
The flow of water or other liquids, mixtures, or substances into the distributing pipes of a potable supply of water to a tank plumbing fixture or other device and the flood level rim of the receptacle.
BACK FLOW
Defects in water supply system:
Pipes expand and contract due to continuous changes in temperature.
An air space should be provided to allow for breathing room.
EXPANSION / CONTRACTION
Defects in water supply system:
Friction occurs when liquid flowing through the pipe makes contact with the pipe enclosures, thus reducing the speed of water flow.
FRICTION HEAD LOSS
